Some reference books, including ''Random House's American Slang'', state that the term comes from the
German word as well as the
Yiddish word and , meaning "slippery place". Glitch was used from the 1940s by radio announcers to refer to an on-air mistake. During the following decade, the term became used by television engineers to indicate technical problems. According to a
Wall Street Journal article written by Ben Zimmer, the
Yale University law librarian
Fred Shapiro came up with the new earliest use of the word yet found: May 19, 1940. That was when the novelist
Katharine Brush wrote about
glitch in her column "Out of My Mind" (syndicated in
The Washington Post,
The Boston Globe, and other papers). Brush corroborated Tony Randall's radio recollection:When the radio talkers make a little mistake in diction they call it a "fluff," and when they make a bad one they call it a "glitch," and I love it.Other examples from the world of radio can be found in the 1940s. The April 11, 1943, issue of
The Washington Post carried a review of
Helen Sioussat's book about radio broadcasting, ''Mikes Don't Bite''. The reviewer noted an error and wrote, "In the lingo of radio, has Miss Sioussat pulled a 'muff,' 'fluff,' 'bust,' or 'glitch'?" In a 1948 book called
The Advertising and Business Side of Radio, Ned Midgley explained how a radio station's "traffic department" was responsible for properly scheduling items in a broadcast. "Usually most 'glitches,' as on-the-air mistakes are called, can be traced to a mistake on the part of the traffic department", Midgley wrote. In the 1950s,
glitch made the transition from radio to television. In a 1953 ad in
Broadcasting magazine, RCA boasted that their TV camera has "no more a-c power line 'glitches' (horizontal-bar interference)". Bell Telephone ran an ad in a 1955 issue of
Billboard showing two technicians monitoring the TV signals that were broadcast on Bell System lines: "When he talks of 'glitch' with a fellow technician, he means a low frequency interference which appears as a narrow horizontal bar moving vertically through the picture". A 1959 article in
Sponsor, a trade magazine for television and radio advertisers, gave another technical usage in an article about editing TV commercials by splicing tape. Glitch' is slang for the 'momentary jiggle' that occurs at the editing point if the sync pulses don't match exactly in the splice". It also provided one of the earliest etymologies of the word, noting that, Glitch' probably comes from a German or Yiddish word meaning a slide, a glide or a slip". It was first widely defined for the American people by
Bennett Cerf on the June 20, 1965, episode of ''
What's My Line'' as "a kink ... when anything goes wrong down there [Cape Kennedy], they say there's been a slight glitch". The astronaut
John Glenn explained the term in his section of the book
Into Orbit, writing that Another term we adopted to describe some of our problems was "glitch". Literally, a glitch is a spike or change in voltage in an electrical circuit which takes place when the circuit suddenly has a new load put on it. You have probably noticed a dimming of lights in your home when you turn a switch or start the dryer or the television set. Normally, these changes in voltage are protected by fuses. A glitch, however, is such a minute change in voltage that no fuse could protect against it. John Daly further defined the word on the July 4, 1965, episode of ''What's My Line'', saying that it's a term used by the United States Air Force at Cape Kennedy, in the process of launching rockets, "it means something's gone wrong and you can't figure out what it is so you call it a 'glitch'". Later, on July 23, 1965,
Time magazine felt it necessary to define it in an article: "Glitches—a spaceman's word for irritating disturbances". In relation to the reference by
Time, the term has been believed to enter common usage during the American
Space Race of the 1950s, where it was used to describe minor faults in the rocket hardware that were difficult to pinpoint. The word itself is occasionally humorously described as being short for "gremlins lurking in the computer hardware". ==Electronics glitch==