•
Arabic Ontology, a linguistic ontology for Arabic, which can be used as an Arabic Wordnet but with ontologically-clean content. • AURUM – Information Security Ontology, An ontology for
information security knowledge sharing, enabling users to collaboratively understand and extend the domain knowledge body. It may serve as a basis for automated information security risk and compliance management. •
BabelNet, a very large multilingual semantic network and ontology, lexicalized in many languages •
Basic Formal Ontology, an ontology for the exchange and interoperability of biological pathway (cellular processes) data • BMO, an e-Business Model Ontology based on a review of enterprise ontologies and business model literature • SSBMO, a Strongly Sustainable Business Model Ontology based on a review of the systems based natural and social science literature (including business). Includes critique of and significant extensions to the Business Model Ontology (BMO). • Common Core Ontologies (CCO), a suite of eleven ontologies that extend
Basic Formal Ontology, which were developed under an
IARPA Knowledge Discovery and Dissemination grant and are widely-used in US defense and intelligence sectors. • CCO and GexKB, Application Ontologies (APO) that integrate diverse types of knowledge with the Cell Cycle Ontology (CCO) and the Gene Expression Knowledge Base (GexKB) • CContology (Customer Complaint Ontology), an e-business ontology to support online customer complaint management •
CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, an ontology for
cultural heritage • COSMO, a Foundation Ontology (current version in OWL) that is designed to contain representations of all of the primitive concepts needed to logically specify the meanings of any domain entity. It is intended to serve as a basic ontology that can be used to translate among the representations in other ontologies or databases. It started as a merger of the basic elements of the OpenCyc and SUMO ontologies, and has been supplemented with other ontology elements (types, relations) so as to include representations of all of the words in the
Longman dictionary defining vocabulary. •
Computer Science Ontology, an automatically generated ontology of research topics in the field of
computer science •
Cyc, a large Foundation Ontology for formal representation of the universe of discourse •
Disease Ontology, designed to facilitate the mapping of diseases and associated conditions to particular medical codes •
DOLCE, a Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering •
Dublin Core, a simple ontology for documents and publishing • Financial Industry Business Ontology (FIBO), a business conceptual ontology for the financial industry • Foundational, Core and Linguistic Ontologies an ontology for human anatomy •
Friend of a Friend, an ontology for describing persons, their activities and their relations to other people and objects •
Gene Ontology for
genomics •
Gellish English dictionary, an ontology that includes a dictionary and taxonomy that includes an upper ontology and a lower ontology that focuses on industrial and business applications in engineering, technology and procurement. •
Geopolitical ontology, an ontology describing geopolitical information created by
Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO). The geopolitical ontology includes names in multiple languages (English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Italian); maps standard coding systems (UN, ISO, FAOSTAT, AGROVOC, etc.); provides relations among territories (land borders, group membership, etc.); and tracks historical changes. In addition, FAO provides web services of geopolitical ontology and a module maker to download modules of the geopolitical ontology into different formats (RDF, XML, and EXCEL). See more information at
FAO Country Profiles. • GAO (General Automotive Ontology) – an ontology for the automotive industry that includes 'car' extensions • GOLD, General Ontology for
Linguistic Description • GUM (Generalized Upper Model), a linguistically motivated ontology for mediating between clients systems and natural language technology •
IDEAS Group, a formal ontology for enterprise architecture being developed by the Australian, Canadian, UK and U.S. Defence Depts. • Linkbase, a formal representation of the biomedical domain, founded upon Basic Formal Ontology. • LPL, Landmark Pattern Language • LTO (Literary Theme Ontology), an ontology of literary themes for computational literary studies. • NCBO Bioportal, biological and biomedical ontologies and associated tools to search, browse and visualise •
NIFSTD Ontologies from the
Neuroscience Information Framework: a modular set of ontologies for the neuroscience domain. • OBO-Edit, an ontology browser for most of the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies •
OBO Foundry, a suite of interoperable reference ontologies in biology and biomedicine • OMNIBUS Ontology, an ontology of learning, instruction, and instructional design •
Ontology for Biomedical Investigations, an open-access, integrated ontology of biological and clinical investigations • ONSTR, Ontology for Newborn Screening Follow-up and Translational Research, Newborn Screening Follow-up Data Integration Collaborative, Emory University, Atlanta. • Plant Ontology for plant structures and growth/development stages, etc. • POPE, Purdue Ontology for Pharmaceutical Engineering • PRO, the Protein Ontology of the Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University •
ProbOnto, knowledge base and ontology of
probability distributions. • Program abstraction taxonomy • Protein Ontology for
proteomics •
RXNO Ontology, for
name reactions in chemistry • SCDO, the Sickle Cell Disease Ontology, facilitates data sharing and collaborations within the SDC community, amongst other applications (see list on SCDO website). •
Schema.org, for embedding structured data into web pages, primarily for the benefit of search engines •
Sequence Ontology, for representing genomic feature types found on
biological sequences •
SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms) •
Suggested Upper Merged Ontology, a formal upper ontology •
Systems Biology Ontology (SBO), for computational models in biology • SWEET, Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology • SSN/SOSA, The Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SSN) and Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator Ontology (SOSA) are W3C Recommendation and OGC Standards for describing sensors and their observations. • ThoughtTreasure ontology •
TIME-ITEM, Topics for Indexing Medical Education •
Uberon, representing
animal anatomical structures •
UMBEL, a lightweight reference structure of 20,000 subject concept classes and their relationships derived from
OpenCyc •
WordNet, a lexical reference system • YAMATO, Yet Another More Advanced Top-level Ontology • YSO – General Finnish Ontology The W3C
Linking Open Data community project coordinates attempts to converge different ontologies into worldwide
Semantic Web. == Libraries ==