passenger terminal of Congonhas airport in the check in hall of Congonhas Airport The airport was initially planned in 1919, but it did not open until 12 April 1936. The site was outside the built-up urban area at the time, and it was chosen because it had favourable winds and lay on a high hill with little vegetation. The service was an instant success. Sadia, later known as
Transbrasil, joined the partnership in 1968. In 1999 the service was discontinued, as more competitive economic times made airlines decide to operate their services independently on that route. Until 1985, Congonhas was the main airport of
São Paulo operating domestic flights, as well as international service to neighbouring countries such as
Argentina,
Uruguay,
Paraguay,
Chile,
Peru and
Bolivia. Due to Congonhas' short
runways, unable to accommodate most
long-haul jets, intercontinental flights required changing planes at
Rio de Janeiro–Galeão or were operated at Viracopos Airport. However, Viracopos' distant location, in
Campinas, from downtown São Paulo, made that choice inconvenient both for passengers and for airlines, so a connection in Rio was usually preferred. Since the opening of
Guarulhos Airport in 1985, international flights no longer operate from Congonhas, and domestic operations have undergone restrictions. Congonhas remains important to the city for regional and short-distance domestic flights. Given the concentration of Brazil's economy in the Central-Southern region, where São Paulo is located, such flights make up the greatest share of the country's domestic air traffic. Therefore, even after Guarulhos International Airport was opened, Congonhas continued to face congestion problems, regarding both the number of passengers and the number of flight operations. Yet the convenience of its short distance from downtown and from the major business areas of
Paulista,
Faria Lima and
Luís Carlos Berrini avenues still makes Congonhas a favorite of passengers, especially business travelers. The former airport administrator,
Infraero, started in 2003 a comprehensive renovation plan of the airport complex. A remodeling of departure and arrival halls with installation of 12 jetways was completed on 15 August 2004. In December 2005, a new parking garage was opened. The runways were resurfaced between February and September 2007. Runway length has not been extended because of the rapid growth of São Paulo, which has completely surrounded the airport. The airport has been troubled by slippery runways and had several accidents where water accumulation has been a significant factor, the most notable being
TAM Airlines Flight 3054 on 17 July 2007, which killed 199 people. Although the main runway had been repaved in June 2007, its new rainwater drainage grooves were only finished in September 2007. As a consequence of this accident and the subsequent public outcry for better safety performance and noise reduction, the airport's operations were significantly altered, through restrictions in the number of
landing slots, flight distances, and operating times (presently from 6:00 to 22:30 hours). Furthermore, the maximum allowable gross weight of aircraft was reduced. In the past, the airport used to have operations with
Douglas DC-8 Vasp Cargo,
Airbus A300 wide-body aircraft by the now-defunct airlines Cruzeiro do Sul, Varig, and VASP, and
Boeing 767-200 of also former Trans-Brasil; the largest aircraft now operating at Congonhas are the
Airbus A320 and the
Boeing 737-800. As a result of the scaled-down operations, Congonhas lost its designation as an international airport in 2008. On 31 August 2009,
Infraero unveiled a (US$86.8 million; EUR 60.8 million) investment plan to up-grade Congonhas Airport focusing on the preparations for the
2014 FIFA World Cup, which were held in Brazil, São Paulo being one of the venue cities. The investment involved a new control tower, renovation of the apron, conclusion of the renovation on the south portion of the passenger terminal, and renovation of the north portion of the passenger terminal. The central hall of the passenger terminal is considered one of the most outstanding examples of
modern architecture in São Paulo. However, modernizing and enlargement work has been conducted at the terminal from 2003 onwards, while trying to preserve the look of the older, historic section. Today the main terminal has 51,535 m2 (554,718 sq.ft) of space. ==Airlines and destinations==