Overview Africa Kenya By 2005, the beverage industry in Kenya applied a deposit-refund system for glass bottles that had proven to be popular amongst wholesalers, retailers and consumers alike to participate in, not just in Nairobi, but throughout the country. At the time, there was a deposit of 10
Kenyan shillings on soft drink bottles, and 25 shillings on beer bottles.
South Africa Although there is no formalised deposit-return scheme for packaging or plastics in South Africa, individual companies such as Coca-Cola have implemented deposit-return schemes for their own products with success. Manufacturers introduced this system without involvement of the government around 1948. Approximately 75% of beer containers, 45% of soft drink containers, and some wine and spirits bottles participate in the scheme. South Africa was noted in 2012 as one of the few countries that included plastic bottles in its schemes.
America By 1998, there were voluntary deposit-refund schemes for glass containers in Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico and Venezuela.
Canada In 1970, British Columbia became the first Canadian province to establish a mandatory deposit-return system for soft drinks and beer containers. As of 2021, nearly all provinces and territories in Canada have followed suit; the territory of Nunavut is the only jurisdiction in Canada that has yet to implement some sort of deposit refund system. In
Ontario, only containers of alcoholic beverages come with deposits, in
Manitoba only beer containers participate in the deposit scheme. Deposits range from CAD$0.05 to CAD$0.40 per unit depending on the material and size of the container and whether the container contains an alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage. Below is a brief summary of each program: • British Columbia: While the original program covered only carbonated soft drinks and beer, the deposit legislation expanded to include any ready-to-serve beverage sold in a container that is sealed by its manufacturer (e.g. bottled water, juice, new age drinks, and alcohol). There are currently two stewardship agencies in BC that carry out deposit-refund obligations on behalf of beverage producers:
Encorp Pacific (for non-alcoholic beverages, wine, spirits, some ciders and coolers, and some import beer) and Brewers Distributor Ltd. (BDL) (for domestic coolers, beers, and ciders). In 2017, BC's program recovered over 1 billion containers for an overall return-rate of 75.8%. Bottle deposit on single use beverage containers have increased to CDN $0.10 from CDN $0.05 in November 2019. As of February 2022 milk and milk substitute containers are also refundable. • Alberta: All beverage containers (
glass bottles,
metal cans,
Tetra Paks, gable-top cartons, bags-in-boxes,
plastic bottles and jugs, drink pouches), including milk containers (Alberta was the first jurisdiction in North America to accept and charge a deposit on milk containers in June 2009), are charged deposits at the point of sale; 10¢ for containers 1 L or less, and 25¢ for containers larger than 1 L. Containers can be dropped off at depots and are picked up by the Alberta Beverage Container Recycling Corporation. In 2014, over 2 billion beverage containers were returned to Alberta depots for an overall return rate of 83%. • Saskatchewan: Established in 1988, Saskatchewan's deposit-return program applies to all ready-to-serve beverage containers, except those for meal replacements, or dietary supplements. SARCAN began taking milk and milk substitutes on April 1, 2017. SARCAN Recycling is responsible for administering the program and operates under contract to the Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment. In fiscal 2014–2015, a total of 405.6 million beverage containers were returned to SARCAN recycling depots for an overall container return rate of 87%. • Manitoba: Manitoba's program was implemented in 2010 and is limited to beer containers, which are charged a deposit of CAD$0.10 or $0.20 depending on the size. Other containers (except milk) are charged a non-refundable $0.02 per unit levy (Container Recycling Fee) and can be recycled in municipal curbside recycling programs. • Ontario: The
Ontario Deposit Return Program (ODRP), which came into force in February 2007, is a voluntary program implemented by the provincial government that covers wine, spirits, and imported beer containers (plastics, metal, bimetal, glass, gable top, Tetra Pak, bag-in-box containers). Because there is no law mandating that wine and spirits be placed on deposit, they may be added to municipal blue box programs voluntarily. Refillable and non-refillable beer containers are collected through a separate program administered and operated by Brewers Retail Inc. (
The Beer Store). Alcoholic beverage containers, as well as any associated packaging, can be returned to 443 beer store locations, 113 breweries (beer containers only), 141 retail partner stores, 63 LCBO northern agency stores, 4 additional LCBO stores, and 115 empty bottle dealers (small independent depots contracted in more remote locations where beer retailers are not available), for a total of 879 redemption locations. TBS trucks collect these empty containers and back-haul them to various distribution centres where recyclables are sent to a processing facility for sorting, baling, and shipping to market. Refillable bottles are sent back to the brewers for washing and refill. Containers returned through Ontario's deposit-return system showed a total recycling rate of 89% for 2014–2015, while refillable beer bottles were returned at a rate of 98%. in a
Montreal grocery store • Quebec: Quebec's deposit-return system was established in 1984 and covers beer and carbonated soft drink containers. As of March 1, 2025, ready-to-drink beverages ranging from 100ml to 2L carry a $0.10 deposit The following year MMSB began a licensing and standardization framework for recycling depots. Branded as Green Depot, all locations are independently owned and operated enterprises. There are 55 Green Depots province wide accepting non refillable ready-to-serve beverage containers for refund, excluding those for milk & milk alternatives,
infant formula, meal replacement, beverage concentrates, distilled water bottles and containers over 5 liters. Refillable glass beer bottles are not included in MMSB's used beverage container program as local brewers regulate refillable beer bottle return. Brewers agents, breweries, and most convenience stores selling beer will accept back these bottles for store credit or sometimes cash at 10¢ per bottle being a full return of the initial deposit. A limited number of Green Depots do accept back refillable glass beer bottles for a 5¢ return depending on their location. Non refillable deposits sit in two categories with containers for non-alcoholic drinks, beer, miniature spirit bottles under 50ml and spirits in tetra-pak, gable top and pouch type containers being charged an 8¢ deposit and refunding 5¢. Containers for spirits primarily in larger glass and plastic bottles charge a deposit of 20¢ and refund at 10¢. Since 1997 over 3.37 billion containers have been diverted from landfill through Newfoundland and Labrador Green Depots. • Hawaii: Hawaii's bottle bill has been in place since 2005 and is government-operated. A refundable deposit of 5¢ is charged on all plastic (PET, HDPE), metal, bi-metal, and glass beverage containers 2 l or less, except for milk and dairy products. In 2015, the system achieved a total return rate of 68%. • Iowa: Introduced in 1979, The deposit is uniform across beverage categories and is currently 5¢. Unredeemed funds are kept by beverage distributors and it has been found to be highly profitable to them. • Maine: Established in 1978 after a
ballot initiative, Maine's bottle bill charges a 5¢ deposit on plastic, metal, and glass containers and 15¢ for most liquor and wine bottles. • Massachusetts: The state's bottle bill was effective as of January 17, 1983. The deposit levied is 5¢. • Michigan: Implemented in 1978, Michigan's bottle bill charges a 10¢ deposit on plastic, metal, glass, and paper containers less than 1 gallon. • New York: New York's bottle bill has been in place since January 12, 1983. New York charges a 5¢ deposit on plastic, metal, and glass containers 3.78 l (1 gallon) or less. • Oregon: The
Oregon Bottle Bill, enacted in 1971, was the first container deposit legislation in the United States. The deposit/refund value is uniformly 10¢ per applicable container. The deposit is held by the beverage industry cooperative and they keep all the unclaimed deposit. In 2015, the system achieved a total return rate of 77%. In order to collect more products with its large storage area, Aco Recycling introduced G-1 Smart Reverse Vending Machines with 3 Shredder for Asofta; official operator for deposit scheme in Israel.
Japan The container deposit legislation, as a monetary approach to the garbage/recycling problem, has never caught on in
Japan. However, under increasingly ever stricter sorting rules announced by each town or city, garbage is meticulously sorted into kitchen garbage, newspapers/books, metal cans (washed)/plastic bottles (rinsed), garden weeds, etc. in each neighborhood for pickup by collection cars, usually on different days notified by the local government.
Singapore In 2018, a privately driven project, in which the public were able to return plastic bottles and cans at three reverse vending machine for rewards, was launched. Subsequently,
National Environment Agency rolled out a wider public initiative deploying at least 50 machines throughout Singapore from the end of 2019 onward. Encouraged by the response to the scheme, legislation was passed in 2023 to enforce compulsory enrollment all plastic bottles and cans sold in Singapore onto a deposit return scheme, but the scheme's public activation was delayed to 1 April 2026 from the previous year to allow allow drink producers and retailers to implement the scheme.
South Korea By 1997, South Korea had introduced a deposit-refund system for beverage containers. In 2021, the Turkish government decided to introduce deposit return system (DRS) by January 1, 2022, to protect Turkey's 8,000-kilometer coastline. The upcoming deposit refund scheme is expected to help reduce different types of litter, such as land and marine litter, and prohibit packaging waste from damaging landfills within the country. One of the main reasons the Turkish government has implemented DRS is that it will increase the recycling of plastic and glass containers by 250 percent and help turn the 811,000 tons of glass and plastic containers thrown into landfills each year into secondary raw materials.
Oceania Australia In the days when bottles were washed and re-used, drinks manufacturers paid for the return of their (proprietary) containers, but with the advent of
single-use containers great savings were possible, leaving their disposal as the consumer's responsibility. While a national scheme has been repeatedly delayed largely due to threats from the beverage industry of multi-million dollar advertisements against politicians who support it and earlier disagreements between states, there has been a growing momentum of state-based operated container deposit schemes (CDS). All states have implemented or will introduce a state-based container deposit scheme operating by 2023, with Victoria the final jurisdiction to support such a scheme. With 8 billion beverage containers landfilled or littered every year in Australia, proponents argue that it is the most effective method to reduce such litter; and improve recycling above that achieved by kerbside. It also has many co-benefits such as funds for charities and several thousand new jobs, that cannot be achieved by other approaches. • The state of
South Australia introduced a container deposit scheme in 1977. A refundable deposit of AUD 10
cents is charged per drinks carton, can or bottle (only containers marked as eligible for refund; currently does not include wine and spirit bottles, milk cartons, or concentrated/and or vegetable juice intended to be diluted before consumption), however the introduction of a 10-cent deposit on wine and spirit bottles is expected to be fully implemented by late 2027. As of 2023, the overall return rate is 76%. •
Northern Territory introduced a container deposit scheme in 2012. A 10-cent (AUD) refundable deposit is charged on all beverage containers with the exception of unflavoured milk, soy milk, cordial bottles (undiluted), concentrated fruit/vegetable juice intended to be diluted before consumption, and still or sparkling wine (in glass bottles). Unredeemed deposits remain with the producer/filler. In 2015–2016, the system achieved a total return rate of 54%. • The state of
New South Wales (the most populated state, with 7.5 million residents) announced that it would be adopting a 10-cent (AUD) deposit scheme, which commenced on 1 December 2017. Wine and spirit bottles are expected to be included in this deposit scheme by mid-2027. • On 22 July 2016, the
Queensland government announced that the state would introduce a container deposit scheme which commenced on 1 November 2018. A 10 cent (AUD) refund is provided for empty drink containers between 150 ml and 3 l. The scheme was extended to wine and spirit bottles in Nov 2023. • The state of
Western Australia's scheme commenced on 1 October 2020. The scheme applies to certain empty drink containers ranging in size from 150 ml to 3 L and excludes domestically consumed drink containers such as wine and spirit bottles, milk and juice containers. The amount of the deposit/refund is AUD 10-cents. •
Victoria's Container Deposit Scheme (CDS Vic) was introduced on 1 November 2023 as part of its updated recycling and waste management policies, through scheme coordinator VicReturn. A 10 cent refund is provided to Victorians for every eligible drink container they return. Most aluminium, glass, plastic and liquid paperboard (carton) drink containers are accepted. •
Tasmania launched its scheme on 1 May 2025.
Fiji The
United Nations Development Programme had funded a feasibility study to look at the possibility of establishing a deposit-return system in Fiji, building on the experience gained from their successful projects in Kiribati and the Federated States of Micronesia. In 2011, the Fijian Government approved the Environment Management Waste Disposal and Recycling Amendment Regulations 2011, and the Environment Management Container Deposit Regulations 2011. The Regulations provide the legal framework for the introduction of a container deposit and refund system, allowing beverage producers and importers to adjust pricing and accommodate deposits. The Regulations will also allow the Department of Environment to register and establish the Managing Agency that will administer Fiji's container deposit system, and establish a revolving fund account to receive all deposits paid by producers for all beverages sold. No further details are available.
New Zealand Single-use containers were increasingly introduced between the 1950s and 1980s.
New Zealand had no container-deposit legislation until 2008 when the
Waste Minimisation Act 2008 passed into law. The Act has provision for
product stewardship of which container-deposit legislation is the most familiar type. there is no widespread deposits available on containers with some beer bottles being a notable exception. The
Ministry for the Environment is working on a container return scheme, which may be introduced in about 2023.
Europe Austria Austria has a container-deposit system for refillable PET and glas bottles since 1990. In 2025, Austria introduced a 25-cent deposit that is levied on all disposable plastic bottles from 100ml up to three litres and disposable aluminium cans in 2025.
Belgium Smaller beer bottles (250 or 330 mL) carry a
€0.10 deposit, and larger ones (750 mL or 1 L) a €0.20 one. Some fruit-juice bottles, such as those sold by
Oxfam Wereldwinkels/Magasins du Monde, carry a €0.30 deposit. Some hard plastic milk and orange juice bottles such as those sold by
Delhaize carry a €0.20 deposit. In April 2019 the
Brussels Capital Region started a project to test out an expansion of the system to cans, which hold a €0.05 deposit. After the
2019 Belgian regional elections the
new Brussels regional government decided to introduce the deposit system for cans, as well as for plastic bottles.
Croatia A deposit system for some glass bottles such as beer bottles existed since the time of
Yugoslavia. In 2006, a refundable deposit of 0.50
kn was first levied on non-refillable containers (except dairy products) with a minimum volume of . Retailers over are obliged to take-back containers. Collection is often manual, although some collection occurs with reverse vending machines. Retailers must sort containers by material type (PET bottles, aluminium/steel cans, and glass bottles). The scheme is government operated and there is a collection target of 95%. In 2015, the scheme recovered up to 90% of all non-refillable containers placed on the Croatian market. The plastic bottles for dairy products were later included in the system, then excluded from the system in late 2015, and then brought back into it in 2019. With the introduction of the Euro as legal tender in 2023, the refundable deposit was converted to €0.07. In 2025, the deposit was increased to €0.10 per item.
Czech Republic In the
Czech Republic most beer is sold in returnable glass bottles that carry a CZK 3 deposit. These bottles are collected by shops and supermarkets. Reverse vending machines have mostly replaced human staff. There is also a CZK 100 deposit on plastic beer crates with a 20 bottle capacity. Most reverse vending machines accept an entire crate full of empty bottles, returning CZK 160. There is no deposit on other containers.
Denmark In
Denmark, the first national deposit-return system was introduced in 1922, when the Danish breweries agreed on a standardized glass bottle for beer and carbonized drinks, due to the limited resources available during and in the aftermath of
World War I. In 1991 and 1993 this was expanded to also include plastic bottles. Aluminium beverage cans were forbidden from 1982 to 2002, but this ban was found to violate
European Union law, and to get into compliance Denmark introduced new legislation in 2002, extending the deposit scheme to also cover aluminium cans. The law covers beer (alcohol content >0.5% by volume), carbonated soft drinks (alcohol content 0-0.5%),
energy drinks, mineral water, iced tea, ready-to-drink beverages, and mixer products (alcohol content 0.5%-10%); juice and uncarbonated soft drinks were added to the deposit scheme in 2019–2020. Excluded from the scheme are wine and spirits (alcohol content >10%), products containing milk, and containers larger than 20 liters. The deposit levels are as follows: • Disposable aluminium and glass containers under 1 L and refillable glass bottles under 0.5 L, labelled "Pant A": . • Disposable and refillable plastic containers under 1 L, labelled "Pant B": . • Metal and plastic containers equal to or greater than 1 L or refillable glass bottles over 0.5 L, labelled "Pant C": . The deposit system operator is
Dansk Retursystem A/S, a private non-profit organization. Most collection (95%) is done automatically using reverse vending machines, but some (5%) is done manually. In 2019, the system achieved a total return rate of 92%.
Estonia In
Estonia there is a universal deposit and recycling system since 2005 for one-time and refillable containers. This includes soft drinks, water, beer, cider, juice, juice concentrates, nectars, and low-ethanol alcoholic beverages (up to 6% volume). The deposit is €0.10 on most metal, plastic, and glass beverage containers. It does not include strong alcoholic beverages, such as wine or vodka, syrup bottles, glass jars, or Tetra Paks. Since 2019, the system has been set to also accept some out-of-system bottles within accepted categories, though people will not receive a deposit for those. The system is operated by Eesti Pandipakend OÜ, which is a producer responsibility organization representing the Estonian Association of Brewers, the Association of Producers of Soft Drinks, the Association of Importers of Soft Drinks and Beer, and the Estonian Retailers Association. In 2015, 90% of all PET bottles, 70% of all aluminium cans and 87% of all glass bottles sold in Estonia were returned for recycling and/or reuse. The overall return rate was 82.3%.
Finland Deposit system was first introduced to Finland in 1952 along with summer Olympic Games which brought Coca-Cola to the country – in glass bottles. In the 1980s some re-usable and durable plastic bottles were included in the deposit system. Deposits were introduced on aluminium cans in 1996, on PET bottles in 2008, and on recycled glass bottles in 2012. Almost all soft drinks are covered by the program, in addition to water, beer, cider, long drinks, sport drinks, juice, and liquor/spirits/wine sold by
Alko. Milk and other products packed in
liquid packaging board are exempt. The system is administered by Suomen palautuspakkaus Oy (abbr. Palpa), which is a private consortium of beverage importers and manufacturers. In 2016, aluminium cans were recovered at a rate of 96%, PET bottles 92%, and one-way glass 88%. The deposit values for these containers are as follows: • Plastic 1 L: €0.40 • Metal: €0.15 • Glass: €0.10 The scheme is, in technical sense, voluntary and Palpa does not hold a legal monopoly for container deposits systems. Lidl has its own levy system for Lidl bottles. Those beverage containers that do not belong to a container deposit system are levied an excise tax of €0.51/L, regardless of the container size. The tax is so high that essentially all beverage manufacturers and importers opt to join the Palpa system instead of paying the excise tax.
Germany in an
Aldi supermarket in Germany In
Germany, the deposit legislation covers plastic, aluminium, and glass containers for water, beer, mixed drinks containing beer, carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks including fruit juices, as well as mixed alcoholic drinks. Excluded from the programme are containers for milk products, wine, spirits, liquors, and certain dietary drinks. Also excluded are containers smaller than 100 mL and larger than 3 L. Germany was noted in 2012 as one of the few countries that included plastic bottles in its schemes. Legislation for an
Einwegpfand (single use) deposit system was created in 2002 and came into force on 1 January 2003. However, its implementation was fought by
lobby groups of German bottling industry and
retailers. This fight also included
trials at the
Federal Administrative Court of Germany and the
Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, but all trials were won by the German federal government. The deposit charge for
Einwegpfand containers is required to be relatively high. As of October 2016, the standard deposit for these is
€0.25. By comparison, the deposit for reusable containers (mostly glass bottles) is usually between 8 and 15 cents. The usual rates are locally €0.02 for some wine bottles, €0.08 for beer bottles up to 0.5 L, and €0.15 for beer bottles with
flip-top closures, beer bottles over 0.5 L and other bottles (mostly water and soft-drinks, lesser fruit drinks, milk, cream, yoghurt). Some bottles have an even higher deposit.
Bottle crates have a deposit of €1.50. The reasoning behind the price discrepancy was to keep environmentally-harmful plastics from ending up as litter or in the regular garbage system. It was also meant to make non-reusable beverage containers more expensive and thus, less attractive. Supermarkets near the Danish border have established a scheme, where Scandinavian residents are exempt from "Pfand", by signing an "Export declaration" and providing that cans are exported within 24 hours and the contents are not consumed within Germany. The system has successfully encouraged the recycling of
Einwegpfand containers. Between 97 and 99% of non-reusable bottles are returned, and recycling rates for cans are around 99%.
Hungary In
Hungary, beer, wine and standardized
liquor bottles carry a deposit on them, which has been liberalized — beer bottles had 25
forints on them, but for wine and liquor bottles, the sum was decided by the trader, which people could exploit by buying a drink from one retailer and returning the empty container to the rival who returned a bigger deposit. On January 1, 2024, Hungary introduced a standardized bottle refund system with each single-use bottle and can from 0.1 Liter (apart from milk and milk products) having a 50 Forint (~0.13€) deposit, and bottles/cans are mainly collected by reverse vending machines and must be taken back by every retailer. It is operated by the company MOHU, a subsidiary of the Hungarian oil company MOL.
Iceland Iceland has had a deposit system on a national scale for a wide range of containers (plastic, aluminium, and glass) since 1989. All ready-to-drink beverages, wine, and liquor are included in the program. Milk, milk products, and juice extracts are excluded. The deposit is the same for all bottles and cans,
ISK 18. The recycling rate per product is approximately 90% aluminium, 87% PET. Glass is not recycled.
Ireland Ireland introduced a Deposit Return Scheme for plastic bottles and aluminium cans on 1 February 2024. The scheme applies to plastic bottles and aluminium and steel cans between 150mL and 3L. Glass containers and dairy products are excluded. A deposit of €0.15 applies to containers from 150mL to 500mL inclusive and a deposit of €0.25 for containers over 500mL to 3L inclusive. All retailers that sell "in scope" beverages are required to be part of the scheme.
Lithuania Lithuania implemented container deposit legislation for single-use cans and bottles in February 2016. Lithuania's program is comprehensive and charges a deposit on nearly all types of beverage containers, including those made of plastic, metal, and glass 0.1 l to 3 l. The deposit is applicable to beer and beer cocktails; cider and other fermented beverages; mixed alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages; all types of water; juice and nectars (sold in glass, plastic, and metal packaging); and fruit wines and wine-product cocktails sold in plastic and metal packaging. Milk, wine, and spirits are exempt. The deposit is the same for all containers and is €0.10 per bottle/can, and most collection is done using reverse vending machines. Lithuania's deposit return system is operated by Užstato Sistemos Administratorius (USAD). Container return rates for plastic bottles were 34% before the deposit scheme, 74.3% at end of 2016, 91.9% at end of 2017, and 93% in 2018.
Netherlands Under the current deposit-return scheme, large
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 1 liter bottles and greater are subject to a
€0.25 deposit, but only those for soft drinks and water. All other beverage types, such as medical drinks, wine, spirits, etc., are excluded. The system, which is operated by Stichting Retourverpakkingen NL, is mostly automated collection (89%) with only 11% of returns being done manually. Beer bottles carry a €0.10 deposit, and beer crates €1.50. In 2014, the Netherlands' deposit system recovered 95% of the containers covered by the program. On 24 April 2020, the State Secretary for Infrastructure and Water Management
Stientje van Veldhoven announced that plastic bottles smaller than 1 liter will be subject to a
€0.15 deposit, starting on 1 July 2021. While Dutch environmental organisations acclaimed the decision, it is believed that the extensive campaigning activities by athlete and environmentalist
Merijn Tinga made the extension of the deposit law happen. On 3 February 2021, Van Veldhoven furthermore announced that cans too will be subject to a
€0.15 deposit, starting on 1 April 2023. Originally it was meant to start on 31 December 2022, but it was postponed due to lobbying of the supermarkets.
Norway reverse vending machine in
Hammerfest, Norway Automated recycling of bottles has been in use since the 1970s. Aluminium and steel beverage cans had a 5,60 kr surtax in
Norway up until the end of the 20th century. In 1999, a container deposit legislation was passed, which also abolished this regulation. Today, these are the following container deposits in Norway: • Cans and plastic bottles up to 0.5 L: 2.00
kroner • Cans and plastic bottles over 0.5 L: 3 kr • Bottle crates are also reverse vended. • As of September 2018 container deposit legislation were removed from glass bottles. In 2018 the rates were increased to 2 NOK (formerly 1 NOK) and 3 NOK (previously 2.50 NOK) due to inflation and the discontinuation of the 50-øre coin. Infinitum AS (formerly Norsk Resirk A/S) is responsible for operating the national recycling scheme for non-refillable plastic bottles and beverage cans in Norway. The non-profit corporation was founded in 1999 and is owned by companies and organizations in the beverage industry and food trading. The Norwegian system works in such a way that the excise tax decreases as the returns increases, meaning for example that 90 per cent returns for cans translates into a 90 per cent discount on the excise tax. This again allows drink products to be sold at lower prices. In 2014, 95.4% of PET bottles and 96.6% of all drink cans in Norway were returned under the scheme. Deposits on drink containers have a long history in Norway, starting with deposits on beer bottles in 1902. The deposit back then was 0.06 kr (3.30 kr in 2006 currency value). This deposit arrangement was later expanded to include soft drink bottles. Up until 1 January 2001, the
Vinmonopolet government wine and spirits monopoly chain had deposits on products made by the company itself, this did not include imported products. All sellers of deposit marked drinking containers are required by law to accept returns of empty containers for cash. As of 2016, drink containers can be returned and deposits retrieved at over 15,000 establishments in Norway. The collection system is 95% automated (using reverse vending machines) and only 5% manual. Most reverse vending machines in Norway are manufactured by
Tomra Systems ASA.
Portugal In Portugal, fillers must ensure that their return quotas are met, which are 80% for beer, 65% for wine (with certain exceptions) and 30% for soft drinks. Retailers must sell refillable containers for all nonrefillables sold.
Spain Spain has a voluntary deposit return scheme that is regulated by three laws: • Act 11/1997, 24 April, packaging and
packaging waste ("Chapter IV: Deposit, devolution and return system integrated management systems for used packaging and packaging waste") • Act 22/2011, 28 July, waste and contaminated soil (Article 31) • Royal Decree 293/2018, 18 May, on reducing the consumption of plastic bags Article 31.2.d of Act 21/2011 of 28 July establishes deposit systems that guarantee the return of the amounts deposited and the return of the product for reuse. In 2010, the overall return rate was calculated at 87%, while the reuse of beer containers was 57%.
Sweden can In
Sweden, there are deposits on nearly all ready-to-serve beverages, including beer, soft drinks, cider, and bottled water. Since 2015, syrup producers can voluntarily join the deposit system. Since 2017 juice producers are also allowed to join. The deposit values are as follows: • Metal:
SEK 1 • Plastic 1 l: SEK 2 • Glass 33 cl: SEK 0,60, an empty red bottle crate for 20 bottles has a SEK 22,40 deposit. • Glass 50 cl: SEK 0,90, an empty blue bottle crate for 15 bottles has a SEK 28,00 deposit. AB Svenska Returpack () is responsible for the deposit system for aluminium cans and PET bottles. The aluminium cans have had a deposit since 1984, and PET bottles since 1994. Svensk GlasÅtervinning AB is responsible for the deposit system of glass bottles. A glass bottle recycling system was introduced in 1884 and the bottles were first standardized in 1885. Until 1998, all hard alcohol and wine bottles sold at
Systembolaget — the government owned alcohol retail monopoly — were sold in standardised reusable bottles with deposit, but due to the deregulation of the Systembolaget's suppliers, the former sole supplier
V&S Group dropped the deposit on their bottles due to the restricted bottle shapes giving V&S a disadvantage compared to the competitors. The bottles could be returned and deposit refunded until early 1999 at Systembolaget. The legislation regarding container deposit systems was updated so that from 1 January 2006, containers from other plastics and metals, e.g., steel cans, can be included in the deposit systems. The law also makes it illegal in Sweden to sell consumption-ready beverages in containers that are not part of an authorized Swedish container deposit system, with the exception of beverages that mainly consist of dairy products or vegetable, fruit, or berry juice. However, private importation from (mainly Eastern European) countries without deposit occurs by vendors that thus compete with a somewhat lower customer price. The recycling of these contraband cans has not been seen as a problem, but Returpack made a campaign in 2010 offering 0.10
krona for each imported can (without deposit) to the benefit of
WWF, retrieving 17 million cans. In 2011, a similar campaign was repeated, retrieving almost 18 million cans. The 1.5 L refillable PET bottle with a deposit of 4.00 kr has been discontinued, and has been replaced by the 1.5 L recycle PET bottle. The last day for returning bottles made by
Spendrups for deposit was 30 June 2007, and the last day for bottles made by
Coca-Cola Sweden was 30 June 2008. Although Sweden is one of the leading countries in recycling of beverage containers, Returpack uses TV commercials to promote more recycling. Commercials have been made with well-known melodies sung, like "" and "Pata pata"—sounding like Returpack's slogan "panta mera" (i.e., "recycle more"). In 2016, the overall recycling rate was 84.9% for both aluminium cans and PET bottles, which translates to 177 packages per person in Sweden.
Switzerland and Liechtenstein In
Switzerland, there is a government ruling that 75% of containers must be returned, otherwise a deposit system may be introduced. Currently a handful of beverages, including milk, sold in glass bottles are done so with a small deposit of 30 or 50 rappen paid by the purchaser, which is returned when the empty bottle is brought back to the store. According to the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, The IGORA-Genossenschaft aluminium recycling cooperative levies a prepaid disposal fee on aluminium beverage cans and uses the fees to finance recycling activities.
United Kingdom Until the turn of the 21st century, most British bottled beer was sold (whether in off-licences or pubs) in standard quart, pint, half-pint or third-pint (nip)
bottles, although some brewers preferred their own distinctive designs. The standard deposit was 7
pence (p) for a pint bottle and 5p for a half-pint. However, in the absence of legislation, and given the switch from pub to supermarket sales, and from Imperial to metric measures, the industry has now entirely abandoned refillable bottles. Beer casks sold for the home or party consumption of draught beer are usually also loaned out against a deposit which may run to several tens of pounds. In April 2024, Environment Minister,
Robbie Moore announced that the UK deposit return scheme would be delayed until October 2027
England In England, in January 2017, ministers were reported to be considering a 10p or 20p refundable deposit on plastic bottles and containers after
Green Party co-leader
Caroline Lucas had voiced her support of such a scheme at the end of 2016. As of February 2017, the idea of a plastic bottle levy was unlikely as the government rejected the deposit scheme proposal. In March 2018, the
UK government announced plans to introduce a deposit return scheme in England for drinks containers.
Northern Ireland As of June 2015, Northern Ireland had been considering a drinks deposit scheme, following the publication of a feasibility study for a deposit return scheme for drinks containers in Scotland. It has yet to implement such a scheme.
Scotland In Scotland, some Barr products in 750 mL glass bottles, had a 30p container deposit although this was discontinued in August 2015. Some Tesco stores have reverse vending machines which pay p per aluminium can (equivalent value in Tesco Clubcard Points). Furthermore, the landmark
Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 passed by the
Scottish Parliament contains within it powers for
Scottish ministers to implement a national scheme. As of April 2017, a Holyrood motion supporting the idea of a small deposit on all drinks containers was signed by 66 MSPs, including member from every party. In May 2015, the Association for the Protection of Rural Scotland (APRS) published Scottish polling which revealed overwhelming support for deposit-return. The figures showed that 78.8% of those who expressed a view supported this approach for Scotland, while just 8.5% opposed it. Several companies, most notably large drinks corporations like Coca-Cola, are known to have lobbied against the introduction of a national deposit scheme. But in February 2017, the drinks company unexpectedly announced its support for a deposit-return program in Scotland, and in a statement to
the Independent, Coca-Cola UK stated: "We have embarked on a major review of our sustainable packaging strategy to understand what role we can play in unlocking the full potential of a
circular economy in Great Britain." On 5 September 2017,
Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon announced that a
deposit return scheme would be implemented as a means to tackle the rising tide of waste. In March 2020 it was announced that the launch date would be delayed to July 2022.
Wales As of March 2018, Welsh ministers are working on a plan to introduce a deposit return scheme. In November 2024, the Welsh government announced that its scheme would include glass bottles, in contrast with other schemes in the UK that would be limited to aluminium and PET plastic containers. == See also ==