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Crampton locomotive

A Crampton locomotive is a type of steam locomotive designed by Thomas Russell Crampton and built by various firms from 1846. The main British builders were Tulk and Ley and Robert Stephenson and Company.

Design variations
Because the single driving axle was behind the firebox, Crampton locomotives usually had outside cylinders. However, some inside cylinder versions were built using indirect drive, then known as a jackshaft. The inside cylinders drove a crankshaft located in front of the firebox and the crankshaft was connected to the driving wheels by outside rods. Some long-wheelbase s were also built using this crankshaft system. The boiler feed-pump was often driven from the crankshaft as well because many Cramptons were built before the injector was invented. Another feature on some Crampton locomotives was the use of a boiler of oval cross-section, to lower the centre of gravity. It was later seen as a major flaw, because the internal pressure would tend to push the boiler into a circular cross-section and increase the risk of fatigue. ==Usage==
Usage
, built in 1852 Crampton locomotives were used by some British railways and speeds of up to 120 km/h (75 mph) were achieved on the LNWR. They were more popular in France, southern Germany and the US. In France the expression "prendre la Crampton" meant to catch an express, and in the argot of the Saint Cyr military academy, footplate staff were known as "officiers de Crampton" (and this as late as 1971). One of the French examples has been preserved in the Cité du Train (the French Railway Museum) at Mulhouse and is still in working order. This is number 80 of the ''Chemin de Fer de l'Est, the Paris-Strasbourg line, which is named "Le Continent"''. ==Locomotive list==
Locomotive list
The approximate numbers of Crampton-type locomotives built in Europe were: • Great Britain: 51 • France: 127 • Germany: 135 Manufactured in Great Britain ====Built by Tulk and Ley==== All were of the wheel arrangement. Notes: ====Built by Robert Stephenson and Company==== in 1851. Robert Stephenson and Company built a number of Crampton type locomotives for the South Eastern Railway and the London, Chatham and Dover Railway. These were all of wheel arrangement with inside cylinders and indirect drive. The inside cylinders drove a crankshaft located in front of the firebox and the crankshaft was coupled to the driving wheels by outside rods. Notes: ====Built by Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy==== All except Liverpool which was . Notes: ====Built by E. B. Wilson and Company==== Notes: ====Built by R and W Hawthorn==== Notes: Other builders '' built by A. Horlick & Co. in 1848 for the Padarn Railway, preserved at the Penrhyn Castle Railway Museum Notes: Manufactured in France Notes: Manufactured in Germany Notes: ==See also==
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