After it established a
proto-state in the
Middle East in 2014, IS was quick to organize camps to train child soldiers, called "Cubs". Children as young as six were recruited or kidnapped and sent to the Islamic State's military and religious training camps during the proto-state's heyday. In the camps, the children practiced beheading with dolls and were indoctrinated with the religious views of IS. Children were also used as human shields on the front lines and to provide blood transfusions for Islamic State soldiers, according to Shelly Whitman of the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative. In November 2014, the ISIS released a propaganda video showing children from Kazakhstan being trained with firearms. The video showed the steps of the boys' training and emphasized the "holy-warrior" image of IS by showing the boys recite the verses from the Quran and declaring war against the "unbelievers": — ''"I will be the one who slaughters you, O kuffar (non-believer). I will be a mujahid, insha'Allah (God willing.)"''. By 2017, the control of IS over its territory in Syria and Iraq was collapsing. The "Cubs" were consequently fielded in large numbers to help defend the remaining strongholds of IS, notably fighting in the
Battle of Raqqa. After 2017, there were no more reports of IS "Cubs". However, the Islamic State's
West Africa Province (ISWAP) had established a similar programme by late 2021, as it showcased a
cadet school in a propaganda video published in January 2022. Soon after, IS-affiliated media channel
an-Najiyah published an Indonesian document which encouraged the training of child soldiers, evidently aimed at the Southeast Asian branches of IS. == Known IS child soldier units ==