Research • A study on the date of the origin of the
Placentalia and an analysis of the effect of the
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on placental evolution is published by Halliday, Upchurch & Goswami (2016). • A study on the influence of the methods used to establish
divergence dates on the studies reconstructing body-size evolution of the Cretaceous and Paleogene eutherian mammals is published by Halliday & Goswami (2016). • A study on the relationship between the primary productivity of plant communities and the diversity of terrestrial large mammals in North America and Europe through the
Neogene is published by Fritz
et al. (2016). • Studies of the phylogenetic relationships of the
glyptodonts within
Xenarthra, indicating that the glyptodonts were nested within the
armadillo crown group, are published by Delsuc
et al. (2016) and Mitchell
et al. (2016). • A description of new fossil material of
Abdounodus hamdii and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Gheerbrant, Filippo & Schmitt (2016). • A description of new fossil material of
Palaeoamasia kansui and a study of phylogenetic relationships of
embrithopods is published by Erdal, Antoine & Sen (2016). • A study on the patterns of
mastication in
Neogene and
Quaternary proboscideans as indicated by the anatomy of their teeth is published by von Koenigswald (2016). • Part of a
humerus of a large
proboscidean, probably a member of the genus
Deinotherium, is described from the Miocene of
Finland by Salonen
et al., representing the northernmost record of a Miocene proboscidean fossil in the world so far. • Presence of lower
incisors is reported in immature individuals of
Cuvieronius hyodon by Mothé, Ferretti & Avilla (2018). • A study on the diet of
Platybelodon grangeri, as indicated by data from
molar microwear analysis of
tooth enamel, is published by Semprebon
et al. (2016). • A study on the phylogenetic relationships and
mitogenomic diversity of North American
mammoths, as well as its implications for mammoth population structure and dynamics during the late
Pleistocene, is published by Enk
et al. (2016). • A study on the timing, causes, and consequences of the
Holocene extinction of the relict
woolly mammoth population from
Saint Paul Island (Alaska) is published by Graham
et al. (2016). • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the unallocated fossil species of the
Old World leaf-nosed bats, particularly Miocene species from
Riversleigh (
Australia) is published by Wilson
et al. (2016). • A complete skull of the
macraucheniid Huayqueriana cf.
H. cristata is described from the
Huayquerian Huayquerías Formation (
Argentina) by Forasiepi
et al. (2016). • A study on the
dentaries of several juvenile specimens of
Prosantorhinus germanicus from the Miocene fossil
lagerstätte Sandelzhausen (
Germany) is published by Böhmer, Heissig & Rössner (2016), who reconstruct the tooth replacement pattern, life history and juvenile mortality profile of this taxon. • An
osteological study on the
Pleistocene camelid fossils reported from
Alaska and
Yukon, assigned to the species
Camelops hesternus, is published by Zazula
et al. (2016). • New fossil material of the Pleistocene
wildebeest-like
bovid Rusingoryx atopocranion is described from the
Rusinga Island (
Kenya) by O'Brien
et al. (2016), who note the presence of large, hollow, bony nasal crests in this mammal, similar to crests present in
hadrosaurid dinosaurs. • A study on the age and phylogenetic relationships of late
Pleistocene bison fossils from North America and their implications for establishing when the Pleistocene ice free corridor along the eastern slopes of the
Rocky Mountains was open is published by Heintzman
et al. (2016). • Studies on the origin and evolutionary history of the
European bison based on
ancient DNA recovered from bison fossils are published by Soubrier
et al. (2016) and Massilani
et al. (2016). • A study on the diet and evolution of ecologically relevant traits in members of the genus
Hoplitomeryx as indicated by tooth wear,
hypsodonty and body mass estimations is published by DeMiguel (2016). • Basu, Falkingham & Hutchinson (2016) present a reconstruction of the skeleton of
Sivatherium giganteum and estimate adult body mass of members of the species. • A study estimating the ability of the
cetacean
Ambulocetus and the
desmostylians
Paleoparadoxia,
Neoparadoxia and
Desmostylus to support themselves on land as indicated by the strengths of their
rib cages against vertical compression is published by Ando & Fujiwara (2016). • A study on the
cochlear anatomy of a
xenorophid specimen from the
Oligocene Belgrade Formation in
North Carolina (subsequently assigned to the genus
Echovenator) and its implications for the evolution of high-frequency hearing and
echolocation in early toothed whales is published by Park, Fitzgerald & Evans (2016). • Description of an early
Miocene dolphin from
Kaikōura (
New Zealand), closely related to
Papahu taitapu, and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of
Papahu is published by Tanaka & Fordyce (2016). • Description of a new skull of the
Pliocene porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai recovered from the
Horokaoshirarika Formation (
Hokkaido,
Japan) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Tanaka & Ichishima (2016). • A new
aetiocetid specimen is described from the late
Oligocene Pysht Formation (
Washington,
United States) by Marx
et al. (2016), who interpret its tooth wear as inconsistent with the presence of
baleen, and instead indicative of
suction feeding. • A study on the evolution of large body size in early
baleen whale evolution is published by Tsai & Kohno (2016). • A study on the anatomy of the ear region of
Miocaperea pulchra and its implications for the proposed origin of the
pygmy right whale from the
cetotheriids is published by Marx & Fordyce (2016). • A study on the
baleen microstructures found in association with the skeleton of a late
Miocene balaenopteroid whale recovered from the
Pisco Formation (
Peru) is published by Gioncada
et al. (2016). • A study on the anatomy and
paleobiology of the Eocene
pangolin Patriomanis americana is published by Gaudin, Emry & Morris (2016). • A revision of the systematics of the North American members of
Nimravidae is published by Barrett (2016). • A study on the bone thickness of dentary bones of the specimens of
Smilodon fatalis recovered from the
La Brea Tar Pits and its implications for the changes in the diet of the saber-toothed cats through the time-periods that are captured at this site, is published by Binder, Cervantes & Meachen (2016). • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the
cave lion, based on the first mitochondrial genome sequences for this taxon, is published by Barnett
et al. (2016). • A description of new
bear dog fossils from the early Miocene of
Uganda and
Namibia and a systematic revision of the Miocene bear dogs known from Africa is published by Morales,
Pickford & Valenciano (2016). • A description of new fossil material of
Megalictis ferox and a study of phylogenetic relationships of the
oligobunine mustelids is published by Valenciano
et al. (2016). • A study on the feeding strategy of the
arctoid Kolponomos is published by Tseng, Grohe & Flynn (2016). • A study of phylogenetic relationships of bears belonging to the genus
Arctotherium, indicating that they were more closely related to the
spectacled bear than to
short-faced bears, is published by Mitchell
et al. (2016). • A study on the anatomy of the auditory region of the Pleistocene bear
Arctotherium tarijense is published by Arnaudo
et al. (2016). • A description of the most recent
cave bear remains reported so far, recovered from the Stajnia Cave (
Poland), and a study on the cave bear's extinction time is published by Baca
et al. (2016). • A study on the diet of the cave bears, as indicated by the
morphology of their
mandibles, is published by van Heteren
et al. (2016). • A study on the anatomy of
Enaliarctos and its implications for the evolution of tooth spacing, tooth size and pierce-feeding in
pinnipeds is published by Churchill & Clementz (2016). • A study on the
enamel ultrastructure in modern
eared seals and extinct
Pelagiarctos is published by Loch
et al. (2016). • Fossils of an
earless seal belonging to the tribe
Miroungini (the tribe containing
elephant seals) are described from the late Pliocene
Petane Formation (
New Zealand) by Boessenecker & Churchill (2016), representing the oldest record of Miroungini reported so far. • Virtual
cranial endocasts of the Eocene rodents
Paramys copei and
Paramys delicatus are described by Bertrand, Amador-Mughal and Silcox (2016). • The taxonomic revision of the fossil
New World porcupines known from North America is published by Sussman
et al. (2016), who transfer the species
Erethizon kleini Frazier (1981) and
Erethizon poyeri Hulbert (1997), as well as specimens previously identified as
North American porcupines from
Irvingtonian faunas in
Florida and
Aguascalientes,
Mexico, to the genus
Coendou. • Virtual cranial endocasts of the
notharctines Notharctus tenebrosus and
Smilodectes gracilis, as well as the
adapid adapiform Adapis parisiensis are reconstructed by Harrington
et al. (2016). • Eocene (
Ypresian)
adapoid and
omomyid limb bones are described from the Vastan lignite mine (
Gujarat, India) by Dunn
et al. (2016). • Isolated teeth of a member of the genus
Cebus and a member of the genus
Cebuella are described from the Miocene (
Mayoan)
Pebas Formation (
Peru) by Marivaux
et al. (2016). • Fossils of the probable relative of the
gorillas,
Chororapithecus abyssinicus, are dated to ~8.0 Myr by Katoh
et al. (2016). • Fossils of
Homo floresiensis and the deposits containing them are dated to between about 100 000 and 60 000 years ago by Sutikna
et al. (2016). • Hominin fossils similar in most dimensions and morphological characteristics to those of
Homo floresiensis are described from the early Middle Pleistocene site in Flores, Indonesia by van den Bergh
et al. (2016). • A study on the cause of death of the
Australopithecus afarensis specimen
Lucy is published by Kappelman
et al. (2016). • A study on the bone structural properties of the
femur and
humerus of the
Australopithecus afarensis specimen Lucy and its implications for the
locomotor behavior and ecology of the species is published by Ruff
et al. (2016). • A study on the locomotor mechanics and footprint formation of the tracemaker of the Pliocene
Laetoli footprints is published by Hatala, Demes & Richmond (2016). • Pliocene
hominin tracks discovered in the new site at Laetoli locality are described by Masao
et al. (2016), who estimate the height of one of the trackmakers to be about 1.65 metres, thus exceeding previous estimates for
Australopithecus afarensis. • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of
Homo naledi is published by Dembo
et al. (2017). • 1.5-million-year-old footprint assemblages produced by at least 20 different individuals of
Homo erectus are described from multiple sites near
Ileret,
Kenya by Hatala
et al. (2016). • A study on the tracks of
Homo erectus from Ileret, indicating repeated use of lakeshore habitats by members of this species, is published by Roach
et al. (2016). • A study on genomes of a
Neanderthal and a
Denisovan from the
Altai Mountains in Siberia and on sequences of
chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from
Spain and
Croatia, and on their implications for the knowledge of
gene flow events between modern and archaic humans, is published by Kuhlwilm
et al. (2019).
New taxa Xenarthrans Afrotherians Bats Odd-toed ungulates Even-toed ungulates Cetaceans Carnivorans Rodents Primates Other eutherians ==Other mammals==