Albani The
Albani (Latinized form of ,
Albanoi) were an Illyrian tribe whose first historical account appears in a work of
Ptolemy. They were the citizens of
Albanopolis (), located in the center of modern
Albania, in the
Zgërdhesh hill fort, near the city of
Krujë. The national
ethnonym of the
Albanians is derived from this tribe.
Amantes The
Amantes lived in present-day south-western Albania. The site of
Amantia has been identified with the location of their territory. The toponym has a connection with the modern
Albanian term amë/ãmë ("river-bed, fountain, spring")
Ardiaei The
Ardiaei or
Ouardaioi (; ) were an
Illyrian people, originally residing inland, and eventually settling on the
Adriatic coast.
Strabo describes them as one of the three strongest Illyrian peoples, the other two being the
Autariatae and
Dardani. The political entity of the Ardiaei, which expanded in the south-eastern Adriatic, came to be identified with the
Illyrian kingdom in the 3rd century BCE. Under the Ardiaean king
Agron and his wife
Teuta, the Illyrian kingdom reached its apex. It became a formidable power both on land and sea by assembling a great army and fleet, and directly ruling over a large area made up of different Illyrian tribes and cities that stretched from the
Neretva River in the north to the borders of
Epirus in the south, while its influence extended throughout Epirus and down into
Acarnania. The Ardiaean realm became one of
Rome's major enemies, and its primary threat in the
Adriatic Sea. The dominant power of the Illyrian kingdom in the region ceased after its defeat in the
Illyro-Roman Wars (229–168 BCE). In Roman times the Ardiaei had 20
Autariatae The
Autariatae or
Autariates () were an Illyrian tribe that became prominent between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.
Strabo describes them as one of the three strongest Illyrian peoples, the other two being the
Ardiaei and
Dardani. After their defeat during the
Celtic invasions of the Balkans in the 4th century, a part of the Autariatae who remained in
Bosnia gradually
adopted Celtic culture, while another part moved southwards and after an agreement with the
Kingdom of Macedonia, 20,000 settled in the
Parorbelian mountain range, in an area between modern south-eastern
North Macedonia, northern
Greece and south-western
Bulgaria.
Balaites The
Balaites were an Illyrian tribe known from
epigraphical findings only who were organizing themselves in a
koinon, and it is likely that they lived in the vicinity of
Apollonia.
Bathiatae The
Bathiatae were an Illyrian tribe.
Bylliones The
Bylliones () were an Illyrian tribe. They were affected by a partial cultural
Hellenisation. They constituted one of the most notable Illyrian
koina of the Hellenistic period, with their territory featuring a network of several settlements.
Byllis and
Nikaia were their chief centres.
Cavii The
Cavii were an Illyrian tribe. They lived close to
Lake Shkodër. Their main settlement was
Epicaria. They are mentioned rarely by ancient writers.
Daorsi The
Daorsi or
Duersi or
Daorsii or
Daorsei () were an Illyrian tribe. Another name of the tribe was Daversi. The Daorsi had suffered attacks from the
Delmatae that made them along with
Issa seek the aid of the
Roman state. The Daorsi fought on the Roman side, providing them with their strong navy abandoning
Caravantius. After the
Illyrian Wars, the Daorsi were given immunity. Their most important city was
Daorson. They had 17 .
Dardani The
Dardani or
Dardanians were a central Balkan people, among the oldest in the region. They were the most stable and conservative ethnic element among the peoples of the central Balkans, retaining an enduring presence in the region for several centuries. Ancient tradition considered the Dardani as an
Illyrian people, and
Strabo, in particular describes them as one of the three strongest Illyrian peoples, the other two being the
Ardiaei and
Autariatae. Their name is traditionally connected to the same root as , the
Albanian word for 'pear', as well as Alb. , , 'farmer'. The ethnonym
Pirustae, which is attested since Roman times for a tribe close to the Dardani or living in Dardania, is considered to be the Latin translation of
Dardani (cf. Latin "pear"). Subgroups of the Dardani included the
Galabri and the
Thunatae, whose tribal names have been, respectively, connected to the
Messapic Kalabroi/Calabri and
Daunioi/Daunii in
Apulia (south-eastern
Italy), of Palaeo-Balkan provenance. In pre-Roman times the Dardani constituted their own
Kingdom, often in conflict with their south-eastern neighbor—
Macedon.
Dassaretii The
Dassaretii () were an
Illyrian people who lived in the inlands of southern
Illyria, between present-day south-eastern
Albania and south-western
North Macedonia. They were directly in contact with the regions of
Orestis and
Lynkestis of Upper
Macedonia. The Dassaretii were one of the most prominent peoples of southern Illyria, forming an ethnic state. They made up the ancient
Illyrian kingdom that was established in this region. Most scholars hold that the early 4th century BC Illyrian realm of
Bardylis—the first attested Illyrian king—was centered along
Lake Ohrid and east to the
Prespa Lakes in Dassaretan territory, located on the border between
Macedon and
Epirus.
Deretini The
Deretini or
Derriopes () were an Illyrian tribe in Narona conventus with 14 .
Deuri The
Deuri or
Derbanoi () were an Illyrian tribe. Other possible names are
Derrioi. In a conventus held in
Salona after the
Roman conquest the Deuri had 25 .
Dyestes The
Dyestes or
Dyestae () were an Illyrian tribe located around the silver mines of
Damastion. Only Strabo passingly mentions this tribe.
Enchelei The
Enchelei or
Sesarethii (, accusative of ) were an Illyrian tribe. Their name, given by the Greeks, meant "eel-men". In
Greek mythology. According to E. Hamp, a connection with Albanian
ngjalë makes it possible that the name
Enchele was derived from the
Illyrian term for eels
Cadmus and
Harmonia ruled over them. Several locations are hypothesized for the Encheleans: around
Lake Ohrid; above Lake Ohrid, or in the region of
Lynkestis south of the
Taulantii.
Kinambroi The
Kinambroi () were an Illyrian tribe. They surrendered to
Octavian in 33 BCE.
Melcumani The
Melcumani or
Merromenoi or
Melkomenioi () were an Illyrian tribe. The Melcumani had 24 .
Narensi Narensi or
Narensii or
Narensioi () or
Naresioi or
Naresii () was the name of a newly formed Illyrian tribe from various peoples living around the River Naron or
Neretva, mostly in its lower course. The Narensi had 102 .
Parthini The
Parthini lived in southern Illyria.
Penestae Penestae () was the name of an Illyrian tribe. Their chief town was
Uscana.
Selepitani The
Selepitani (Latin:
Selepitani) were an Illyrian tribe located below the
Lake Scutari.
Siculotae The
Siculotae or
Sikoulotai were an Illyrian tribe. The Siculotae were part of the Pirustae. The Delmatae had 342 .
Iapydes The
Iapydes or
Japodes () were an ancient people who dwelt north of and inland from the Liburnians, off the Adriatic coast and eastwards of the Istrian peninsula. The first written mention of an Illyrian tribe known as "Iapydes" is by
Hecataeus of Miletus.
Baridustae The
Baridustae were an Illyrian tribe that was later settled in
Dacia Tariotes The
Tariotes were a subtribe of the Dalmatae that lived on the eastern Adriatic coast.
Sardiatae The
Sardiatae or
Sardiotai were an Illyrian tribe close to
Jajce. The Sardeates had 52 .
Docleatae The
Docleatae () were an Illyrian tribe that lived in what is now
Montenegro. Their capital was
Doclea (or
Dioclea), and they are called after the town. They had settled west of the
Morača river, up to Montenegro's present-day borders with
Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Docleatae were prominent for their cheese, which was exported to various Roman provinces within the
Roman Empire. They were composed of parts of the Taulantii, the Pleraei or Pyraei,
Endirudini,
Sasaei,
Grabaei, Labeatae
Endirudini Endirudini or
Interphrourinoi () was the name of an Illyrian tribe that became part of the Docleatae. The Deraemestae were composed of parts of several other tribes such as the
Ozuaei,
Taulantii,
Partheni,
Hemasini,
Arthitae and
Armistae. The Deramestae had 30 .
Ozuaei Ozuaei or
Ozuaioi or
Oxuaioi () was the name of one of the tribes comprising the Deramestae. of Illyrian tribes. The term
taulantii is connected with the
Albanian word
dallëndyshe, or
tallandushe, meaning '
swallow'. The ethnonym
Chelidonioi also reported by Hecateus as the name of a tribe neighboring the Taulantii is the translation of the name
Taulantii as
khelīdṓn (χελιδών) means "swallow" in Ancient Greek. According to
Greek mythology Taulas (Tαύλας), one of the six sons of
Illyrius, was the
eponymous ancestor of the Taulantii. The Taulantii dominated at various times much of the plain between the rivers
Drin (
Drilon) and
Vjosa (
Aoös). Their central area was the hinterland of
Epidamnos-Dyrrhachion, corresponding to present-day
Tirana and the region between the valleys of
Mat and
Shkumbin (
Genusus). This tribe played an important role in the Illyrian history of the 4th–3rd centuries BCE, when
King Glaukias (ruled 335 – c. 302 BCE) ruled over them. Glaukias offered asylum to the infant
Pyrrhus of Epirus and maintained ties with him after he became king of
Epirus. The
Abroi, a northern subgroup of the Taulantii, were known to the ancient Greek writers for their technique of preparing
mead from
honey.
Chelidonioi The
Chelidonioi lived in southern Illyria.
Abroi The
Abroi lived in southern Illyria.
Pannonian tribes The name
Pannonians () refers to
Illyrian tribes, who originally inhabited the southern part of what was later known as Roman province of
Pannonia, south of the river
Drava (), and the northern part of the future
Roman province of Dalmatia. In the Roman era, Pannonians settled in
Dacia, the northern Pannonian plain and the eastern Alps. Some Pannonian tribes appear to have been
Celticized.
Julius Pokorny believed the name
Pannonia is derived from
Illyrian, from the
Proto-Indo-European root
*pen-, "swamp, water, wet" (cf. English
fen, "marsh"; Hindi
pani, "water"). The Pannonian tribes inhabited the area between the river Drava and the Dalmatian coast. Early archaeology and onomastics show that they were culturally different from southern Illyrians,
Iapodes, and the
La Tène peoples commonly known as the
Celts, though they were later
Celticized. However, there are some cultural similarities between the Pannonians and Dalmatians. Many of the Pannonians lived in areas with rich iron ore deposits, so iron mining and production was an important part of their economy before and after the Roman conquest. Apart from
Segestica, the Pannonians did not have settlements of importance in pre-Roman times that were actually
Celtic. Ancient sources (
Strabo,
Pliny the Elder, Appian of Alexandria) mention a few of the Pannonian Illyrian tribe. They greatly resisted the
Romans but were sold as slaves after their defeat. The Amantini were close to
Sirmium.
Breuci The
Breuci () were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe. They greatly resisted the
Romans and some were sold as slaves after their defeat. A number of Breuci settled in
Dacia.
Bato the Breucian of the Breuci tribe and
Pinnes from Pannonia were among the leaders of the
Great Illyrian Revolt, together with
Bato the Daesitiate of the
Daesitiates from
Province of Dalmatia (modern-day
Central Bosnia).
Colapiani Colapiani was the name of an Illyrian tribe. The Colapiani were created from the Pannonian
Breuci along with the
Osseriates and the Celtic
Varciani. They lived in the central and southern
White Carniola, along the
Kupa river, and were mentioned by
Pliny the Elder and
Ptolemy. The archeologists Jaro Šašel and Dragan Božič have attributed the
Vinica material culture to Colapiani, but opinions are divided.
Daesitiates The
Daesitiates were an Illyrian tribe that lived in what is today
Central Bosnia in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the time of the
Roman Republic. Along with the Maezaei, the Daesitiates were part of the western group of Pannonians in Roman Dalmatia. They were prominent from the end of the 4th century BCE up until the beginning of the 3rd century CE. Evidence of their daily activities can be found in literary sources, as well as in the rich material finds that belong to the
Central Bosnian cultural group. After nearly three centuries of political independence, the Daesitiates (and their polity) were conquered by Roman Emperor
Augustus. Afterwards, the Daesitiates were incorporated into the province of
Illyricum with a low total of 103 .
Pirustae The
Pirustae or
Pyrissaei ( or ) tribe that lived in modern
Montenegro. According to some sources, they had also lived in territories outside of modern-day Montenegro, but the majority of archaeologists, including the famous British archaeologist
Sir Arthur Evans, say that the Pirustae had lived in northern Montenegro, around present-day
Pljevlja and that they were prominent miners. Their prominence in mining has been seen in epigraphic monuments from
Dacia's mining regions. Pirustae along with other
Pannonians and
Illyrians like the Sardeates were later settled in
Dacia (modern-day Romania).
Scirtari The
Scirtari or
Scirtones were an Illyrian tribe. tribe. The Glintidiones may have been part of the Pirustae. in modern
Montenegro. The Ceraunii were part of the Pirustae. Their name seems to derive from the Greek word for 'thunderbolt'.
Segestani The
Segestani () were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe who inhabited the area around
Segestica, later known as
Siscia (modern-day
Sisak in
Croatia). In the 2nd century BCE, the Segestani were attacked without lasting success by
consuls Lucius Aurelius Cotta and an unidentified
Cornelius. In 35 BCE, the Segestani were attacked by
Augustus, who conquered and occupied Siscia.
Maezaei Maezaei or
Maizaioi or
Mazaioi () were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe. The
Maezaei had 269 .
Andizetes The
Andizetes, also referred to as
Andisetes (), were a small Pannonian tribe that lived in the territory of present-day
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Not much is known about this tribe except that it is found on the list of Illyrian tribes that rose against the
Roman Empire during the
Great Illyrian Revolt. The personal name of 'Andes', a variant of the name '
Andis' popular among the Illyrians of southern
Pannonia and much of northern
Dalmatia (corresponding roughly with modern Bosnia and Herzegovina), may be derived from the name of this tribe. They started receiving Roman citizenship during Trajan's rule.
Azali The
Azali () were a tribe that inhabited Brigetio (now
Szőny) in
Noricum, transported there during the Roman conquest from southern Pannonia. They had been deported after the
6–9 AD rebellion. They, along with the
Eravisci, inhabited the
Fejér County during the
Marcomannic Wars (166–180). The
civitas azaliorum included the Brigetio legionary fortress and surrounding settlements.
Ditiones The
Ditiones () were a Pannonian Illyrian tribe.
Osseriates The
Osseriates (also
Oseriates), along with the Celtic
Varciani and the
Colapiani, were created from the Pannonian
Breuci.
Illyrii proprie dicti Illyrii proprie dicti were the
Illyrians proper, so called by
Pliny (23–79 CE) in his
Natural History. They later formed the
Docleatae. They were the
Taulantii, the
Pleraei or
Pyraei, the
Endirudini,
Sasaei,
Grabaei,
Labeatae. Illyrians proper were also some of the native communities of Roman Dalmatia. ==Atintanii==