From 1997 to 2007, she served on the faculty of the
University of Chicago, earning appointments as a professor of both classics and political science, as well as membership on the university's Committee on Social Thought. She served as Dean of the Division of the Humanities from 2004 to 2007. She organized The Dewey Seminar: Education, Schools and the State, with
Rob Reich. She is a former trustee of
Amherst College and Princeton University, and is a past chair of the
Pulitzer Prize board where she served from 2007 to 2015. She was the UPS Foundation Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, before joining the Harvard faculty and becoming director of the
Safra Center in 2015. to give the Mala and Solomon Kamm Lecture in Ethics in 2023 She was named a
MacArthur Foundation Fellow in 2001, in recognition of her combining "the classicist's careful attention to texts and language with the political theorist's sophisticated and informed engagement". An elected member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the
American Philosophical Society, Allen is a past chair of the
Mellon Foundation board of trustees.
The New Yorker published Allen's "The Life of a South Central Statistic" in its July 24, 2017, issue. Together with
Stephen B. Heintz and
Eric Liu, Allen chaired the bipartisan Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The commission, which was launched "to explore how best to respond to the weaknesses and vulnerabilities in our political and civic life and to enable more Americans to participate as effective citizens in a diverse 21st-century democracy", issued a report, titled
Our Common Purpose: Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century, in June 2020. The report included strategies and policy recommendations "to help the nation emerge as a more resilient democracy by 2026". In October 2022, Allen joined the Council for Responsible Social Media project launched by
Issue One to address the negative mental, civic, and public health impacts of
social media in the United States co-chaired by former
House Democratic Caucus Leader
Dick Gephardt and former
Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey. In March 2025, Allen alongside fellow Harvard Kennedy School faculty member Jeffrey Liebman, launched the Impact Lives Initiative. The Impact Lives Initiative was launched to assist social scientists in getting governmental recognition. This fellowship accumulated a total of eight participating Harvard University professors, who each received inaugural grants. ==Political career==