Hutchinson County, Texas

Native Americans Artifacts of the Antelope Creek Indian culture abound along the Canadian River valley in Hutchinson County. Archaeologists have found of Alibates flint in the area that was used as a quarry for shaping flint tools. Nomadic Plains Apache also camped in this area, as did Comanche, Arapaho, Kiowa, and Cheyenne. Bent, St. Vrain and Company established a trading post in this area to tap into Indian trading. Known as Fort Adobe, it was blown up by traders three years later due to Indian depredations. The ruins became known as Adobe Walls. The First Battle of Adobe Walls took place in 1864 when General James H. Carleton sent Colonel Kit Carson into the area to avenge for repeated Indian attacks. Carson and several hundred cavalry soldiers were greatly outnumbered by Kiowa and Comanche and forced to retreat. The Second Battle of Adobe Walls took place in 1874. A group of buffalo hunters attempted a revitalization of Fort Adobe. The Comanches, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Kiowa saw the fort and the decimation of the buffalo herd as a threat to their existence. Comanche medicine man Isa-tai prophesied a victory and immunity to the white man's bullets in battle. Quanah Parker lead several hundred in a raid on the fort. The buffalo hunters were able to force the Indians into retreat. Early explorations In 1541, an expedition led by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado traversed the area on its Great Plains quest for Quivira on the search for the mythical Seven Cities of Gold. Spanish conquistador Juan de Oñate passed through in 1601 on his Kansas expedition. Buffalo hunters and Comanchero from New Mexico hunted and traded in the vicinity until the 1870s. The first Anglo-American expedition to come through the county was led by Stephen H. Long, who mistook the Canadian River for the Red River, in August 1820. Josiah Gregg brought his Santa Fe caravan through in March 1840. During the month of December 1858, Lt. Edward Beale with 100 men passed through the county constructing a federally funded military road, the first to be constructed in the American Southwest. The road went from Fort Smith, Arkansas, to Los Angeles. It was named the Beale Wagon Road by Secretary of War John B. Floyd. Early ranch entrepreneurs In November 1876, Kansan Thomas Sherman Bugbee established the Quarter Circle T Ranch. The Scissors Ranch was begun in 1878 by William E. Anderson at the Adobe Walls site. The ranch was named after the brand, which looked like a pair of scissors. Coloradan Richard E. McNalty moved to Texas and began the Turkey Track Ranch, which he sold to Charles Wood and Jack Snider in 1881. Scotland-born James M. Coburn formed the Hansford Land and Cattle Company. The Quarter Circle T Ranch and Scissors Ranch were sold to Coburn in 1882. Coburn acquired the Turkey Track Ranch in 1883. County established Hutchinson County was established in 1876. The county was not organized until 1901, when Plemons became the county seat. For the next four decades, ranching dominated the county's economy, while crop cultivation made gradual headway. The Panhandle oilfield was discovered in the 1920s. On June 1, 1923, the Sanford No. 1 J. C. Whittington well in southwestern Hutchinson County reached a depth of and found flowing oil. Towns sprang up in response. The population mushroomed from 721 in 1920 to 14,848 in 1930 as a result of the oil boom. By 1990, of oil had been taken from Hutchinson County lands since 1923. Stinnett became the county seat after a special election on September 18, 1926. ==Geography==

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which are land and (0.8%) are covered by water. Major highways • State Highway 136 • State Highway 152 • State Highway 207 Adjacent counties • Hansford County (north) • Roberts County (east) • Carson County (south) • Moore County (west) • Potter County (southwest) • Gray County (southeast) • Sherman County (northwest) • Ochiltree County (northeast) National protected area • Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (part) ==Demographics==

Racial and ethnic composition 2020 census As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 20,617. The median age was 39.0 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 17.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 97.9 males age 18 and over. The racial makeup of the county was 74.1% White, 2.3% Black or African American, 1.9% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.5% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 10.0% from some other race, and 11.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 24.1% of the population. There were 8,171 households in the county, of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 50.8% were married-couple households, 19.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 24.0% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Of the 9,283 households, 34.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.40% were married couples living together, 9.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.00% were not families. About 23.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.00. In the county, the population was distributed as 27.40% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 25.50% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 15.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.60 males. The median income for a household in the county was $36,588, and for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $40,029 versus $19,952 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,317. About 8.80% of families and 11.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.70% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over. ==Communities==

Cities • Borger • Fritch (small part in Moore County) • Stinnett (county seat) Town • Sanford Census-designated place • Lake Meredith Estates Unincorporated community • Pringle Ghost towns • Adobe Walls • Phillips • Plemons • Whittenburg ==Education==

School districts include: • Borger Independent School District • Plemons-Stinnett-Phillips Consolidated Independent School District • Pringle-Morse Consolidated Independent School District • Sanford-Fritch Independent School District • Spearman Independent School District All of Hutchinson County and all of Borger ISD are a part of the attendance district of Frank Phillips College (formerly Borger Junior College District), a community college. Spring Creek Independent School District consolidated into Borger ISD effective July 1, 2024. ==Notable people==

• Donny Anderson, Green Bay Packers football player • Mary Castle, actress • Billy Dixon, Indian scout, Medal of Honor winner, and sheriff of Hutchinson County • G. William Miller, former United States Secretary of the Treasury and chairman of the Federal Reserve Board • Ron White, comedian, most noted for his work with the Blue Collar Comedy Tour ==Politics==

Hutchinson County is located within District 87 of the Texas House of Representatives. Hutchison County is located within District 31 of the Texas Senate. ==See also==