Saintes has numerous Roman monuments, including a large amphitheater and an arch dedicated to
Germanicus, the nephew of the Emperor
Tiberius. The earliest bishop to whom a date can be assigned is Bishop Peter, who took part in the
Council of Orléans (511). The first reference to a bishop, however, is to
Eutropius. A poem written by
Venantius Fortunatus in the second half of the sixth century makes explicit mention of Eutropius in connection with Saintes:
Urbis Santonicae primus fuit iste sacerdos. A quite different tale is related, however, by
Gregory of Tours, in his work
De gloria martyrum (I. 56), with a cautious
ut fertur ('as is said'), indicating Gregory's uncertainty regarding the historicity of the narrative. Eutropius was said to have been consecrated a bishop and sent to Gaul by
Pope Clement I in the late first century; at Saintes he is said to have begun converting people to Christianity, but was killed by a blow to the head struck by enraged pagans. (He is later given a virgin companion, Eustella, the daughter of the local king, who pays the butchers of the town some 150 solidi apiece to kill Eutropius and Eustella.) Were this true, Saintes would be the only church of Gaul which Gregory traces back to the first century, though far from the only church which makes such a claim to antiquity. The evidence is much weakened, in the view of
Louis Duchesne, by Gregory's remark that no one knew the history of Saint Eutropius before the transfer of his relics in about 590 to a church built in his honor by Bishop
Palladius of Saintes. It is at this late date that the legend of Eutropius as a martyr seems to have begun. Among the bishops of Saintes there are several popularly regarded as saints, including Vivianus, Trojanus, Concordius, Palladius, and Leontius (of the 5th to the 7th centuries). Other notable bishops include: • Cardinal
Raimond Perauld (1503–1505), an ecclesiastical writer, several times nuncio, legate for a crusade, against the infidels, and the re-establishment of peace between Maximilian and
Louis XII • Cardinal
Francesco Soderini (1507–16), who died in Rome as dean of the
Sacred College • his nephew
Giuliano Soderini (1516–1544) •
Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (1544–1550), cardinal in 1548, afterward
Archbishop of Rouen, whom
Mayenne wished later to make King of France • Tristan de Bizet (1550–1576), a native of
Troyes and a monk of
Clairvaux. Tristan was selected by
Henry II of France to be his almoner. He was
commendatory abbot of the
Abbey of Saint-Nicholas-aux-Bois (in the
diocese of Laon) from 1547/8 to 1574. At Saintes he was a vigorous reformer, vigilant against Protestant deviations among the
secular clergy. He obtained a decree from Henry II assuring him powers of visitation over the abbeys, priories and benefices in his diocese. He took part in the
Council of Trent. •
Pierre Louis de La Rochefoucauld (1782–1792), who had been a deputy to the National Assembly in 1789, was massacred at Paris in the
church of the Carmelites along with his brother, François-Joseph, the
Bishop of Beauvais, 2 September 1792. In 1568 during the
French Wars of Religion the cathedral was almost entirely destroyed, except for the tower. The
cathedral chapter had five dignities: the
dean, two
archdeacons, the
chancellor, and the
precentor. Except for the dean, the dignities were appointed by the bishop. There were twenty-four
prebends. In the early 13th century, when the future cathedral was still a
collegiate church, Innocent III had to warn the chapter not to allow the number of
canons to exceed forty. During the
French Revolution, when the
Civil Constitution of the Clergy instituted a national church, and the nation was redivided into dioceses which matched as far as possible the civil departments into which the administration of the state was divided, the diocese of Saintes and the diocese of La Rochelle were combined into the Diocese of Charente-Inferieure. Both Bishop de La Rochefoucauld and Bishop de Coucy refused to take the oath of loyalty to the Civil Constitution, as required by law. They were therefore deposed. The electors of Charente-Infeurieure assembled on 27 February 1791 and elected Fr. Isaac-Étienne Robinet, the curé of
Saint-Savinien-le-Port, as their Constitutional Bishop. He made his formal entry into Saintes on 31 March, and took formal possession of the cathedral on 10 April. He roused up the anti-clerical feelings of the populace against the non-jurors, but, once roused, they turned against all the clergy, including Robinet. In November 1793 the crypt of the cathedral was broken into, and the supposed relics of Saint Eutropius were thrown out of their tomb. Bishop Robinet resigned on 6 December 1793, and took up residence with his brother at
Torxé, where he died on 8 September 1797. As a result of the negotiations leading to the
Concordat of 1801 between First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and
Pope Pius VII, the diocese of Saintes was suppressed. On 19 May 1843 the supposed relics of Saint Eusebius were discovered in the crypt of the cathedral, and on 14 October 1845 they were solemnly translated to a new resting place. On 22 January 1852, the title 'Bishop of Saintes' (though not the diocese itself) was revived by
Pope Pius IX and conferred on the Bishop of La Rochelle, Clément Villecourt (1836–1856). The bishops of La Rochelle have enjoyed the additional episcopal title since that time. ==Councils==