1960 Pattern From 1960, the British Army was issued with the 1960 Pattern field-uniform consisting of a
Combat Smock,
Combat Trousers, a
Combat Hood attached to the smock by two epaulette buttons and a third button concealed under the collar, and, for exceptionally cold conditions, a
Parka.
First limited use A new British DPM was developed in the early 1960s, using the four basic western European temperate colours of black, dark brown, mid-green and a dark sand to make a very effective camouflage that has survived in its basic design, with no more than slight changes to the colours and pattern, until current times. This design was probably used first on a very small scale for a hooded
Smock, Windproof, 1963 Pattern, issued only to special forces. In 1966 the Army introduced, though not universally, a camouflage field uniform. Known informally as the 1966 Pattern, it was in fact identical in design to the 1960 Pattern kit, though now made in DPM fabric. It is labelled, like the earlier plain olive green version,
Smock, Combat, 1960 Pattern and
Trousers, Combat, 1960 Pattern. The 1966 DPM range did not completely replace the plain olive green 1960 Pattern Smock and Trousers, which continued to be worn widely until the 1968 DPM kit was issued. Both the
Royal Marines and the Parachute Regiment continued to wear the
Trousers, Combat, 1960 Pattern with the
Denison smock, and examples of these trousers were made even after 1968. These units eventually stopped issuing the Denison smock (in mid to late 1970s) and adopted smocks in the general-issue DPM while still for a time wearing the plain olive 1960 Pattern Trousers.
The 1968 Pattern range—first general use Before the 1966 Pattern equipment had reached all units a slightly revised design of
Smock, Combat and
Trousers, Combat were introduced as the 1968 Pattern range. The 1966 Pattern DPM fabric design was changed very little for the 1968 issue, and it seems that the 1968 Pattern garments were made for some time in the two very similar DPM fabrics. A
Hood, Combat, DPM, made of DPM cotton fabric and with a plain olive green lining, was also included in the range, fastened as required to the back of the Smock with the two epaulette buttons and a third under the collar. In doing this the British Army was the first to adopt a camouflage uniform universally. For the Royal Marines, which had a responsibility for
NATO's northern flank, a
Smock, Windproof, Arctic and
Trousers, Windproof, Arctic were introduced circa 1972. These were made in a lightweight, but wind-proof, DPM fabric and could be worn over quilted jacket and trousers in extreme cold conditions. The design of both smock and trousers differ radically from both the standard and para designs. The smock is long and loose-fitting, and incorporates a voluminous wired-rim hood, while the trousers have zips in the lower leg to allow them to be put on over boots. In the mid-1970s a new
Smock Parachutist DPM (Para smock) was introduced for the
Parachute Regiment and other airborne units. Though made in the 1968 Pattern cotton fabric, its design was closer to that of its predecessor, the Denison smock. At the same time a
Smock, Sniper, was introduced, based heavily on the
Smock Parachutist DPM and sharing many of its details. It was distinguished by its padded elbows and shoulders, relocated lower pockets, multiple loops for securing natural camouflage material and hooks for the rifle sling. During the late 1970s, batches of the 1968 Pattern camouflage were used by the
USAF Police Tactical Neutralisation Teams at
RAF Upper Heyford as a temporary stand-in for the
ERDL/
M81 Woodland fatigues.
Later developments s in desert and temperate variants of DPM in 2015. The pattern was changed slightly with subsequent issues. On early 1960 Pattern (manufactured from 1966) and 1968 Pattern DPM uniforms the sand coloured base would appear to lighten in tone at night, becoming dangerously conspicuous. This was addressed in the late 1970s, when the sand and brown colours were slightly darkened. The 1985 Pattern has fewer, less precise dots and the brown is much darker; 1990 and later has a band of new shapes and is smaller; 1994 has an orangey colour instead of a tan. Tropical poly-cotton DPM uniforms varied even more; early versions were very brightly coloured notably with a russet brown and emerald green which faded to rather unexpected pastel tones of blueish green and pink-brown with washing. Late 1970s and early 1980s Tropicals have a more yellowish sand base and are greatly sought after by those wishing to appear stylish, while the final production style in the early 1990s used colours closer to temperate uniforms. DPM items in the Combat Soldier 95 clothing system have similar colours to the 1966 uniform. However, instead of all four colours being printed onto a whitish base, the material is in fact woven in the sand shade and overprinted only with three colours. This leads to a loss in contrast between the colours after washing and wear, and the clothing tends to appear darker when wet than previous types did. Although slight changes have been made to DPM and the colours, the pattern is easy to recognise. There are also jungle versions of DPM where the colours are brighter, and on one variation the tan is darker than the green. From 1990 a system of
personal load carrying equipment was introduced, initially produced in olive green. The olive type was quickly replaced in production by a disruptively patterned version, and now almost all British issue webbing and rucksacks are disruptively patterned in the
Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP). Current issued DPM equipment is IRR (
Infrared Reflective) coated. This coating has a specific reflective wavelength in order to blend in with natural colours in the infra-red
light spectrum. This reduces the visibility of soldiers to
night vision devices, which detect infra-red light, as trees and other green plants reflect deep red and infra-red light (the
Wood Effect).
Desert variants A desert variant was first issued on a limited basis in the late 1980s consisting of subdued sand and
khaki hues but was replaced by a two-colour light brown on sand version by 1990 because four-colour (light and dark browns, khaki, and sand) versions had been adopted by some Middle Eastern countries, notably Kuwait and the
Iraqi Republican Guard. A three colour (reddish brown, khaki, and sand) version also exists and was worn by Syrian forces,
Lebanese Forces, and the
Saudi Arabian National Guard. File:Afghanistan Visit.JPG|British troops wearing two-colour
No.5 Desert Combat Dress in 2007. File:Saudi security forces on parade - Flickr - Al Jazeera English (12).jpg|Saudi Arabia National Guardsmen run past in three-colour desert DPM. File:A_member_of_the_1st_Battalion,_325th_Airborne_Infantry_Regiment,_explains_the_M252_81mm_mortar_to_Saudi_Arabian_national_guardsmen.JPEG|Saudi Arabian National Guardsmen wearing three-colour desert DPM during
Operation Desert Shield. File:U.S._Airmen_assigned_to_the_379th_Expeditionary_Security_Forces_Squadron_and_military_members_with_a_partner_nation_perform_tactical_movements_during_training_at_an_undisclosed_location_in_Southwest_Asia_131120-F-EN483-135.jpg|Examples of a four-colour desert variant of DPM. File:Satgas Kizi TNI Monusco XX Q Ikuti Penataran Contingent Training Capsule (CTC) di Kongo TA 2020.jpg|Multiple examples of the Indonesian four-colour variant of desert DPM ==Variants==