Echinochloa crus-galli

Barnyard grass commonly occurs in Europe and throughout tropical Asia and Africa in fields and along roadsides, ditches, along railway lines, and in disturbed areas such as gravel pits and dumps. It also invades riverbanks and the shores of lakes and ponds. It occurs in all agricultural regions. This species is considered an invasive species in North America where it occurs throughout the continental United States. It is also found in southern Canada from British Columbia east to Newfoundland. It was first spotted in the Great Lakes region in 1843. ==Ecology==

Ranging from boreal moist to wet through tropical and very dry to moist forest life zones. Adapted to nearly all types of wet places, this grass is often a common weed in paddy fields, roadsides, cultivated areas, and fallow fields. It grows on variety of wet sites such as ditches, low areas in fertile croplands and wet wastes, often growing in water. It succeeds in cool regions, but is better adapted to areas where average annual temperature is . It is not restricted by soil pH. ==Usage==

E. crus-galli was domesticated in southern Hokkaido 4,500 years ago. The young shoots are eaten as a vegetable. In the Hisar district of the Indian state of Haryana the seeds of this grass are commonly eaten with cultivated rice grains to make rice pudding or khir on Hindu fast days. Barnyard grass was one of the five most cultivated crops during Joseon Dynasty in Korea. Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta syn. E. cg. var. utilis), a domesticated form of E. crus-galli, is cultivated on a small scale in Japan, Korea and China. It underwent selection for larger grain size over a span of one or two millennia in Japan. ==Diseases and pests==

This grass is subject to the brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae, a fungal infection. '' ==Common names==

Punjabi dialect forms The following Punjabi dialect forms are recorded in Punjab for this grass: • Hisar • bharti, s.f., Echinochloa crus-galli Indian languages • Sanskrit: • varuka, s.m., a kind of inferior grain, the same name used for Paspalum scrobiculatum and Echinochloa frumentacea • Marathi: • barag, s.m., millet, also used for Panicum miliaceum. • Kannada: • baraga, s.m., baragu', s.n., 1. Panicum frumentaceum, Indian millet; 2. A kind of hill grass from which writing pens are made. • Malayalam: • varige, varagu, varaku, s.m., Panicum frumentaceum; a grass Panicum. • Tamil: • சாமை cāmai (சாமி), s.m., A kind of grain, millet. • Catalan: Serreig. • Czech: Ježatka kuří noha. • Danish: Almindelig Hanespore, Hanespore. • Dutch: Europese Hanepoot. • Estonian: Tähk-kukehirss. • Finnish: Rikkakananhirssi. • French: Echinochloa pied-de-coq, Panic pied de coq. • Greek: Μουχρίτσα (mouchritsa). • Italian: Giavone comune, Giavone, Panicastrella. • Japanese:いぬびえ inubie • Khmer: Smao bek kbol • Korean: 피(pi) or 피쌀(pissal) • Norwegian: Hønsehirse. • Portuguese: Capim-arroz • Serbo-Croatian: kostrva, kostrava, koštriva, kostrina, proso brkato, korovsko proso, veli muhić, veliki muhar, kokonožac, konopljena trava, svrakanj • Aragon: cola de caballo, mutxitxa • Tai Lue: ᦛᧂ wang • Thai: หญ้าปล้องละมาน yaa-plong-lamaan • Vietnamese: . ==Notes== ==External links==