The club was established in 1976 as Efes Pilsen S.K., by taking over the
Turkish second-division club Kadıköyspor, which had failed due to financial problems. Its initial sponsor was its former longtime namesake,
Efes Pilsen, a subsidiary of the Anadolu Group. It won the 1978 Turkish second division national championship undefeated, earning
promotion to the
Turkish first division, where it has continuously competed ever since. In its first top-flight season (1978–79), Efes Pilsen S.K. won the Turkish national league title, immediately establishing itself as one of the country's top clubs. After finishing 2nd in the
1992–93 FIBA European Cup, Efes Pilsen S.K. won the
1995–96 FIBA Korać Cup, which marked the first-ever European-wide title won by a Turkish club in any team sport. Efes Pilsen S.K. (later renamed Anadolu Efes S.K.) has also become a fixture in the
European-wide top-tier level EuroLeague, making it to the competition's
EuroLeague Final Four in
2000, and also to the
FIBA SuproLeague's
2001 Final Four, and finishing 3rd on both occasions. In 2011, the club changed its name to Anadolu Efes S.K., after the TAPDK (
Tobacco and Alcohol Market Regulatory Authority) in Turkey prohibited the advertisement of tobacco and alcohol products in sports organizations. In the 2017–18 season, Efes finished in the 16th and last place in the
EuroLeague. In the 2018–19 season, Efes had success in the
EuroLeague as it managed to clinch the fourth-seed in the regular season. In the play-offs, the team beat
FC Barcelona to advance to its first
EuroLeague Final Four in 19 years. In the semi-final, Efes beat Fenerbahçe 92–73 to reach its first EuroLeague Final in history. In the championship game, Efes was defeated by
CSKA Moscow, eventually finishing as the runner-up. In the same season, Efes won its first BSL championship since 2009. In Game 7 of the Finals against Fenerbahçe, Efes won 89–74 after
Shane Larkin scored 38 points. Larkin was later named
BSL Finals MVP. In the
2020–21 and
2021–22 seasons Anadolu Efes won back-to-back EuroLeague Championships. But later in the following
2022–23 EuroLeague season they had ended 11th place in the season and out of the playoff bound. ==Home arenas==