The parish of Elsworth covers an area of 1,554 hectares to the north of the Cambridge to
St Neots road. Its north-west border formed the border between
Cambridgeshire and
Huntingdonshire from the start of the 11th century until the two were merged in 1974. Its eastern border joins to the parish of
Knapwell, formerly a dependent
vill. At the end of the 13th century the parish also contained a hamlet called Grave, but this was not recorded as inhabited after 1349. Elsworth was, during medieval times, one of the most populous villages in the neighbourhood. The
Domesday Book of 1086 recorded 44 peasant households in the village; by the time of the poll tax in 1377, this number had risen to 209. Numbers subsequently declined before rising again to around 500 people in the 17th century. The population grew more rapidly from the 1760s before reaching an all-time peak of 878 in 1841. Around 50 people emigrated to
Australia and the
United States in the 1850s. ==Church==