Early life Princess Enrichetta was the third daughter of
Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena and
Duchess Charlotte of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was named after her maternal grandmother,
Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate. Her older brother
Prince Francesco was the heir to the
duchy of Modena. In 1720 Francesco married
Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans, the daughter of
Philippe d'Orléans, the
Régent of France during the childhood of King
Louis XV. While at the Modenese court, Charlotte Aglaé got on well with Enrichetta and her older sisters
Benedetta (1697–1777) and
Amalia (1699–1778). In 1725, Enrichetta was among the princesses seriously considered for marriage to Louis XV, when the list of the original 99 princesses had been reduced to seventeen. However, the French Prime minister, the
Duke of Bourbon, regarded her to be of too inferior rank for the position of queen, and the unstable situation in her family a cause of rejection of her candidacy, and in the end she was removed from the list.
Duchess of Parma Enrichetta was engaged to
Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma, whose mother Princess
Maria d'Este was Enrichetta's aunt. They were married with magnificent ceremonies in Modena on 5 February 1728, with her brother Francesco acting as proxy for Antonio. She travelled to
Parma where she made a magnificent entry to the city on 6 July 1728, greeted at the Porta San Michele by crowds of cheerers and onlookers. Celebrations in the local area lasted as late as 1730. Antonio frequently visited the Modenese court and was close to Erichetta's brother. The marriage had been arranged by Antonio's secretary of state, Count Anvidi, and Bori coerced an unwilling Antonio to marry Enrichetta, his friend Francesco's sister. The marriage, despite all Antonio's attempts at conception, was childless.
The regency issue Antonio died on 20 January 1731. The previous day, he had announced that Enrichetta was pregnant; after his death, a Regency council for the potential heir was formed, consisting of Enrichetta, a bishop, the first Secretary of State and two gentlemen of the Court. It was decided that, should the child be female, the
duchy of Parma would revert to the
Infante Don Carlos (then aged 12), eldest of the three sons of
Elisabeth Farnese, wife of
Philip V of Spain, niece of Antonio by his older half-brother
Odoardo, who had been heir-apparent to the duchy but predeceased their father. Enrichetta was thus invested as Regent of Parma, supported by Imperial troops. Her pregnancy was questioned by the Queen of Spain though her mother, Enrichetta's sister-in-law
Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg, who wished to defend the right of Don Carlos, as well as the Pope, who wished to retract the Duchy to the Papal State. However, she was supported by the Emperor, who opposed Spanish influence in Parma. Of the request of Spain, Enrichetta was examined in May 1731 by doctors confirming her pregnancy. The news was reported around Parma and then around the European courts. Her regency could thus continue, with support by the Emperor. On 22 July however, the
Second Treaty of Vienna officially recognised the right of the young Infante Don Charles as the Duke of Parma and Piacenza, pursuant to the
Treaty of London (1718). When Spain demanded that the delivery of Enrichetta should be a public affair, the Emperor retracted his support to Enrichetta and discontinued the original plan to arranged a simulated birth. Queen Elisabeth in Spain convinced her mother to have Enrichetta examined again on 13 September 1731; it was then reported that there was in fact no child, and the
House of Farnese was extinct. Charles of Spain was thus recognised as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, deposing the regency of Enrichetta d'Este. Since Charles was still a minor, his maternal grandmother
Dorothea Sophie of the Palatinate, Odoardo's widow, was named regent. Shunned by her father's court in Modena, the dowager duchess moved into the
Ducal Palace of Colorno, where she was under virtual house arrest with an escort of
Swiss Guards. In December 1731, she was forced to return to the Ducal Palace in Parma in order to return the crown jewels of Parma to Dorothea, who was formally made head of the regency council on 29 December 1731. She stayed in Parma, splitting her time between
Piacenza,
Borgo San Donnino and
Cortemaggiore.
Second marriage On 23 March 1740 in
Piacenza, Enrichetta married Prince Leopold of
Hesse-Darmstadt (1708-1764), younger son of
Landgrave Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt and his wife, Princess Marie Ernestine of
Croÿ Havré (1673–1714). Enrichetta and Leopold had no children. Leopold died in 1764 leaving Enrichetta a widow for the second time. Enrichetta herself died on 30 January 1777 aged seventy four. She was buried at the Convent of the Capuchins, in
Fidenza (now church of
San Francesco). ==Ancestry==