The invention of the term is attributed to the
Jesuit and
historian Alfonso Álvarez Bolado, who gave the term a scientific nuance and whose articles were compiled by the publishing house
Cuadernos para el Diálogo in 1976, before, the term was used more informally. In France, a similar model of National Catholicism was advanced by the
Fédération Nationale Catholique formed by General
Édouard Castelnau. Although it reached one million members in 1925, it was of short-lived significance, subsiding into obscurity by 1930. In Spain, the
Francoist State initiated a project in 1943 to reform the university. It was called the University Regulatory Law (U.R.L.), which remained active until 1970. in El Escorial, exemplary building of the Francoist era-style. In the 1930s and 1940s,
Ante Pavelić's Croatian
Ustaše movement espoused a similar ideology, although it has been called other names, including "political Catholicism" and "Catholic Croatism". Other countries in central and eastern Europe where similar movements of Francoist inspiration combined Catholicism with nationalism include Austria, Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia. == See also ==