The Chinese Civil War was fought between the
Kuomintang (KMT)-led
Nationalist government of the ROC and the CCP lasting intermittently between 1927 and 1949. The war is generally divided into two phases with an interlude: from the August 1927 to 1937, the
First United Front collapsed during the
Northern Expedition, and the Nationalists controlled most of China. On November 7, 1931, the
Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) was declared by the CCP in
Ruijin within
Communist-controlled areas of China and the CSR government moved north to
Yan'an during the
Long March until the CSR's dissolution. From 1937 to 1945, hostilities were put on hold, and the
Second United Front fought the
Japanese invasion of China with eventual help from the
World War II Allies. The civil war resumed with the Japanese defeat, and the CCP gained the upper hand in the final phase of the war from 1945 to 1949, generally referred to as the
Chinese Communist Revolution. Major combat in the
Chinese Civil War ended in 1949 with the CCP in control of most of
mainland China, and the
Kuomintang retreating offshore, reducing its territory to only
Taiwan (a former Japanese colony that was received in 1945),
Hainan, and their surrounding islands. On 21 September 1949, CCP Chairman
Mao Zedong announced the establishment of the People's Republic of China with a speech at the
first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. This was followed by a mass celebration in
Tiananmen Square on October 1, at which the proclamation was made publicly by Mao at the Tiananmen Gate, the date becoming the new country's first
National Day. == Declaration ==