Foundation and early years The club was formed in 1965 as a merger of two professional clubs,
Sportclub Enschede and the
Enschedese Boys. One of such predecessors, SC Enschede, had also won a single Dutch championship in 1926. The first successes of the club started just after the merger of 1965, under the innovative coach
Kees Rijvers. Twente finished third in 1969, fourth in 1970, fifth in 1971, third in 1972 and again in 1973. The team's key figures were local heroes, such as
Epi Drost,
Eddy Achterberg,
Kick van der Vall and
Theo Pahlplatz. Their finest Eredivisie season was
1973–74, in which Twente battled for the Dutch championship with
Feyenoord. A head-to-head confrontation in the final game of the season, in
Rotterdam, where Feyenoord prevailed 3–2, sealed Twente's fate in second. Nonetheless, this earned the side a position in the
UEFA Cup. The
Tukkers, as FC Twente fans are known, made the most of their UEFA Cup appearance in 1974–75, making it all the way to the final, where they lost 0–0 on aggregate (1–5 on away goals) to German side
Borussia Mönchengladbach. They also eliminated the likes of
Juventus en route to the final. In 1977, Twente won their first trophy, the
KNVB Cup, after beating
PEC Zwolle 3–0.
The 1980s and 1990s After enjoying some success in the 1970s, prospects went downhill for Twente, with the club ultimately suffering relegation to the
Eerste Divisie, the Dutch second division, in 1983. However, Twente returned to the top flight a year later, but the club soon became known for their "impressive" amount of 1–1 and 0–0 draws. Although the club's "boring" reputation seemed to stick, Twente continued to achieve European qualification on a regular basis, qualifying for Europe five times between 1985 and 2009. Re-establishment then followed in the 1990s: German coach
Hans Meyer led Twente to third-place in the Eredivisie of 1997 and into the third round of the
1997–98 UEFA Cup the next season. On 24 May 2001, Twente clinched their second triumph in the KNVB Cup after beating
PSV in the final after being 3–1 down in the penalty shoot-out. The season after, Twente crashed out of the Cup at the hands of
Ajax's second team. Additionally, results in the league were poor, with hardcore Twente fans
Ultras Vak-P eventually going on a rampage at the club's brand-new stadium,
De Grolsch Veste, out of frustration.
From bankruptcy to national champions (2002–2011) , the first manager to win the title for FC Twente. The club's mother corporation (FC Twente '65) was declared bankrupt in the
2002–03 season, almost leading to the club's going out of existence. Despite the club's financial troubles, it continued to enjoy success, reaching the 2004 KNVB Cup final, and finishing fourth in the
2006-07 Eredivisie season under the stewardship of chairman Joop Munsterman. In the
2007–08 season, Twente placed fourth and won the play-offs for a ticket to the
Champions League qualifiers by defeating Ajax in the play-off finals. In the
2008–09 season, Twente hired former
England manager
Steve McClaren as its new head coach. Under his tenure, unseeded Twente entered the draw for the third qualifying round of the
Champions League, being drawn against seeded
Arsenal. The two legs were played at home on 13 August and away on 27 August 2008. Twente lost 6–0 on aggregate, resulting in their elimination from the Champions League and subsequent entry of the
2008–09 UEFA Cup first round. At the domestic level, Twente finished second in the Eredivisie, 11 points behind champions
AZ, and again secured entry to the Champions League qualifying rounds as Dutch runners-up, as well as KNVB Cup finalists (defeated by
Heerenveen). The
2009–10 season started with Twente being knocked out of the
2009–10 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round after a 1–1 aggregate draw against
Sporting CP, which sent the Portuguese side through on away goals. The club was then admitted to the
Europa League, where it enjoyed a relatively successful path that ended in a 4–2 aggregate defeat at the hands of
Werder Bremen in the round of 32. At the domestic level, Twente won its first
Eredivisie title at the end of a campaign in which they lost just twice, winning 16 of 17 at home. The championship was confirmed on the final day of the season when they beat
NAC 2–0 away, making Steve McClaren the first Englishman to guide a Dutch team to a national title since
Bobby Robson in 1992. The victory qualified Twente for the
2010–11 UEFA Champions League group stage, the club's first appearance in the competition. At the end of the season, McClaren resigned as the manager, moving to German side
VfL Wolfsburg, and was replaced by the
Belgian Michel Preud'homme. Twente continued their success by having a good run during the
2010–11 KNVB Cup, reaching the final on 8 May 2011 at
De Kuip. Twente recovered from down to defeat Ajax 3–2 in extra time with a winner from
Marc Janko, which claimed the club's third KNVB Cup title. One week later, the two teams faced each other in
Amsterdam in the final round of matches in the Eredivisie, with Twente leading by a point. However, Ajax gained revenge for the Cup defeat by winning 3–1, to claim their first title in seven years. The start of the 2011–12 season, under Preud'homme's successor
Co Adriaanse, featured another clash between the duo in the
Amsterdam Arena, this time with Twente winning 2–1 in their second successive
Johan Cruijff Shield supercup victory.
Financial problems and relegation (2014–2019) During the
2014–15 Eredivisie season, Twente found themselves in financial trouble again, forcing the
Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) to deduct the club three points from the side in March 2015. Club President Munsterman, who had announced to leave the club at the end of the season, then already quit the club on 1 April 2015 over allegations of financial mismanagement. The team fired 18 employees and stopped with their scouting department after they received a second three-point penalty in April 2015. They also decided to withdraw
Jong Twente from the
Eerste Divisie for the 2015–16 season and the women's professional team was relocated in a separate foundation. On 18 May 2016, the KNVB declared its intent to relegate FC Twente to the
Eerste Divisie. This was however still subject to appeal by FC Twente and on 17 June 2016, the KNVB appeal committee decided that Twente can remain in the
Eredivisie. At the end of the
2017–18 Eredivisie season, Twente relegated to the Eerste Divisie by finishing at the bottom of the table at the end of the season, after having fired two managers that season. The
2018–19 Eerste Divisie season was the first outside of the top flight for 34 years. Commercial director
Jan van Halst felt partly responsible and then stepped down.
Back to Europe In the Eerste Divisie, Twente had a season marked by ups and downs. From December 2018, however, through a 15-game stretch, not a single loss was recorded, giving the club a big lead over the competition. On 22 April 2019, the title and promotion were secured. Twente drew 0–0 at home against
Jong AZ, but because the last remaining competitor
Sparta Rotterdam lost, Twente could no longer be reached. Despite
Pušić's success in earning Twente promotion, he was let go and replaced by his assistant
Gonzalo García, who was put in charge of the club for their return to the Eredivisie. After a strong start, a 3–2 home defeat to archrivals
Heracles Almelo was the start of a lesser period. Twente dropped to the bottom regions of the Eredivisie and after an impressive victory over AZ, three more defeats followed. However, after a 1–0 defeat against
Vitesse, the Eredivisie season was abandoned due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands. As a result, Twente finished the 2019–20 season in fourteenth place, safe of relegation. At the beginning of the
2020–21 season, García was also dismissed to be succeeded by the experienced
Ron Jans. At the same time, Jan Streuer became technical director as a replacement for the Ted van Leeuwen who had resigned. Streuer brought in players such as
Queensy Menig and
Václav Černý, who would both become key players in the following season. After an excellent first half of the season, the results in the second half of the season were disappointing. Twente missed play-offs for European football and finished in tenth place. As a result of this season, Streuer wanted to bring more experienced players to the club, and signed
Robin Pröpper and
Ricky van Wolfswinkel. In addition, youth players were increasingly integrated in the first team with
Mees Hilgers,
Ramiz Zerrouki and
Daan Rots becoming starters.
Jody Lukoki was also signed, but he was seriously injured shortly after his arrival, which meant that he never played a match for Twente. Lukoki's contract was terminated on 17 February 2022 after being convicted of domestic violence. Three months later, on 9 May 2022, Lukoki died of cardiac arrest after being beaten by family members. After a strong season, Twente finished in fourth place in the league table and qualified for the third qualifying round of the
2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League; their first return to Europe in eight years. ==Affiliated clubs==