in Cabildo Street, inside the walled city of
Intramuros,
Manila in 1890.
Colonial statistics Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga Census In the late 1700s to early 1800s, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, an Agustinian Friar from Spain, in his Two Volume Book: "Estadismo de las islas Filipinas" and two parents, per tribute) and came upon the following statistics: The Spanish-Filipino population as a proportion of the provinces widely varied; with as high as 19% of the population of Tondo province and
Zamboanga 40%. If calculating for the family size of a tribute which is 1 tribute to 9 persons in a family. "1:9" (1 Father and 8 Children as per the average number of children in the census, and disregarding the race of the mother that legally follows that of the husband upon marriage) Nevertheless, a 2019 Anthropology Study by Beatrix Dudzik, while using skeletons collated by the
University of the Philippines and sampled from all across the Philippines, thus published in the Journal of Human Biology, using physical anthropology, estimated that, 72.7% of Filipinos are Asian, 12.7% of Filipinos can be classified as Hispanic, 7.3% as Indigenous American, African at 4.5% and European at 2.7%. However, this is only according to an interpretation of the data wherein the reference groups, which were attributed to the Filipino samples; for the Hispanic category, were
Mexican-Americans, and the reference groups for the European, African, and Indigenous American, categories, were:
White Americans,
Black Americans, and
Native Americans from the USA, while the Asian reference groups were sourced from Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese origins. in that, when the reference group for "Asian" was Thailand (Southeast Asians) rather than Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese; and the reference group for "Hispanic" were
Colombians (South Americans) rather than Mexicans, used to identify the different types of names given to the people living in the colony. They are: • "
Español" - A pure White European person from Spain. • "
Peninsulares" - A pure White Spaniard born in Spain but is also a settler and a citizen, living on the islands. • "
Criollo"/"Insulares" - A White Filipino of pure European Spanish ancestry, born and raised as citizens of the islands, or a person of pure White ancestry native to the island, who were descendants from White European settlers. • "
Mestizo"/"
Mulatto" - A native Filipino or an Indigenous American Indian person of mixed Spanish ancestry, and an African person of mixed Spanish descent. • "
Indio" - A native
Filipino or an
Indigenous American Indian person, or an individual belonging to a tribal group, native to the islands. • "
Negrito"/"
Negro" - A indigenous Black Filipino person, and an African person brought to the colony as slaves to work on plantation. • "
Sangley" - A word invented and used in the Philippines to denote an individual of Chinese or other East Asian background. • "Islas Filipinas" - The name of the islands. • "Felipinas" - The name given to the islands in 1543 by explorer
Ruy López de Villalobos in honor of Prince
Felipe II, who later became King of Spain in 1556. This name initially referred to just the islands of
Leyte and
Samar. It was later on expanded to include the entire archipelago. • "
Hispano América" - The Spanish colonies in the
Americas.
Present-day 21st century Filipinos This category is about a term used to identify the different types of Filipino ethnic groups living on the islands. They are: • "Native Filipino" - People of un-mixed or a
Filipino person of pure ancestry from the islands. • "Polynesian Filipino" - People of
Polynesian backgrounds living on the islands, or a Filipino person of mixed Polynesian ancestry. • "Oriental Filipino" - People from another
Asian background living on the islands, or a Filipino mixed with other oriental backgrounds, or a person of
South Asian descent living in the islands. • "Mestizo Filipino" - A Filipino person of mixed ancestry. • "Hispanic Filipino" - People of mixed native Filipino and Spanish or Latin American ancestry, or a Spanish-speaking Filipino, Hispanicized Filipino, Peninsular, Criollo, or a person of Hispanic South American descent living on the islands. • "White Filipino" - People of
White European, White American,
White Latin American, White Middle Eastern and other White ethnic backgrounds living on the islands. • "US/Native American Filipino" - A person of White American-native descent, living on the islands. • "Black Filipino" - People of
Black African, African American and
Black Latin American backgrounds, living on the islands, or a Filipino person of mixed Black ancestry. ==Religion==