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Flushing (physiology)

Flushing is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions. Flushing is generally distinguished from blushing, since blushing is psychosomatic, milder, generally restricted to the face, cheeks or ears, and generally assumed to reflect emotional stress, such as embarrassment, anger, or romantic stimulation. Flushing is also a cardinal symptom of carcinoid syndrome—the syndrome that results from hormones being secreted into systemic circulation.

Causes
• abrupt cessation of physical exertion (resulting in heart output in excess of current muscular need for blood flow) • abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES), usually in patients who have had abdominal surgeryalcohol flush reactionantiestrogens such as tamoxifenatropine poisoning • body contact with warm or hot water (hot tub, bath, shower) • butorphanol reaction with some narcotic analgesics (since butorphanol is also an antagonist) • caffeine consumption • carbon monoxide poisoningcarcinoid tumor • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially emphysema (also known as "pink puffer") • cluster headache attack or headache • compression of the nerve by the sixth thoracic vertebraecoughing, particularly severe coughing fits • Cushing's syndromedehydrationdysautonomia • emotions: anger, embarrassment (for this reason it is also called erythema pudoris, from the Latinized Greek word for "redness" and the Latin "of embarrassment") • feverfibromyalgiahistamineshomocystinuria (flushing across the cheeks) • Horner's syndromehot flushhyperglycaemia • hyperstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, especially the vagus nervehyperthyroidisminflammation (for example, caused by allergic reaction or infection) • iron poisoningJarisch–Herxheimer reaction (caused by antibiotics) • keratosis pilaris rubra faceiiKratommast cell activation syndrome (MCAS)mastocytosismedullary thyroid cancer • mixing an antibiotic with alcohol • neuroendocrine tumors • niacin (vitamin B3) • pheochromocytomapolycythemia vera • powerful vasodilators, such as dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers • severe pain • sexual arousal, especially orgasmsexual intercoursesneezing (red nose) • some recreational drugs, such as alcohol, heroin, cocaine and amphetamines • spicy foods • sunburn (erythema) • tachycardiavinpocetine ==See also==
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