Anderson was a
Democrat. He served in the
Montana House of Representatives from 1943 to 1945. He was a
Lewis and Clark County Attorney from 1945 to 1947. He was also an
Associate Justice on the
Montana Supreme Court from 1953 to 1957, a delegate to the
1956 Democratic National Convention, and served three terms as
Montana Attorney General from 1957 to 1968. The controversies he faced as governor included a major dispute with the Fish and Game Commission and its commissioner, Frank Dunkle, over environmental issues and sportsmen's access to state lands. The biggest political clash he faced occurred in 1971, when the
Montana Legislature debated a
sales tax. When the Legislature deadlocked, Anderson called them back into special session twice, and finally the issue was put to a
ballot referendum, where it was soundly rejected. During his tenure, another major accomplishment was his establishment of the Board of Investments, which was able to remove state funds from low yield bank accounts and invest them in higher yield accounts. Anderson strongly supported and authorized the 1972
Constitutional Convention, then helped facilitate its implementation after it was ratified that year. Anderson anticipated that opponents of the new constitution would challenge it in the Montana Supreme Court, and he had his legal counsel prepare the proclamation of ratification while the
Board of Elections commissioners were still tallying the votes. Secretary of State Frank Murray tried to delay the proclamation on a technicality, saying that he did not see Anderson sign it. Anderson responded sarcastically, "Frank, I'm going to sign this again. Frank, are you watching me? I'm writing, Frank. Now, Mr. Secretary of State, attest to my approval of this document; this is your legal duty." The 1972 constitution overcame legal challenges and remains in place today. Anderson's critics accused him of making backroom deals for his own profit throughout his political career. They pointed to a real estate deal he made during his term as attorney general. Anderson bought property on
Holter Lake from the
Montana Power Company for $1,800, and later sold it for more than $30,000. ==Later life==