Personal A
personal foul is the most common type of foul. It results from personal contact between two opposing players. Basketball features constant motion, and contact between opposing players is unavoidable, but significant contact that is the fault of illegal conduct by one opponent is a foul against that player. Most personal fouls are called against a defensive player. A personal foul that is committed by a player of the team in possession of the ball is called an
offensive foul. When neither team is in clear possession of the ball, a foul is called a
loose-ball foul.
Flagrant A
flagrant foul is violent player contact that the official believes is not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the rules. • The NBA and NCAA men's competitions define a
Flagrant 1 foul as unnecessary contact, and two such penalties leads to ejection of the player. A
Flagrant 2 foul is contact that is both unnecessary and excessive, and requires ejection. In 2019, the NCAA added more words to describe this scenario, including brutal, harsh or cruel or dangerous or punishing. • FIBA and NCAA women's competitions penalize excessive or unjustified contact between opponents. Their terms for the respective levels of foul are an
unsportsmanlike foul and a
disqualifying foul.
Technical A
technical foul is a foul unrelated to physical contact during gameplay. The foul may be called on a player in the game, another player, a coach, or against the team in general. This class of foul applies to all of the following: • Unsportsmanlike conduct outside the scope of the game, such as taunting, profanity, using offensive racial slurs, or inappropriate conduct toward an official. • A personal foul committed by a player who has fouled out of the game but is readmitted to the game because of the lack of substitutes. •
Breaking the backboard by performing an excessive
slam dunk, or hanging on the rim too long after a dunk • Requesting a timeout when the team has already used their last allotted timeout. • Illegal gamesmanship, such as delay of game. • Arranging the players in an illegal defense. • A variety of other situations. For example, in some competitions a home team can be assessed a technical foul due to fan misconduct. In some cases, the rules may call for the referee to give a warning rather than assess a technical foul on the first infraction.
Player and team A
player foul is any foul, but typically personal and flagrant fouls, by reference to the count of fouls charged against a given player. A
team foul is any foul by reference to the count against a given team. ==Bonus situation==