Foxtrot-class submarine

The Foxtrot class was the NATO reporting name of a class of diesel-electric patrol submarines that were built in the Soviet Union. The Soviet designation of this class was Project 641. The Foxtrot class was designed to replace the earlier Zulu class, which suffered from structural weaknesses and harmonic vibration problems that limited its operational depth and submerged speed. The first Foxtrot keel was laid down in 1957 and commissioned in 1958 and the last was completed in 1983. A total of 58 were built for the Soviet Navy at the Sudomekh division of the Admiralty Shipyard, Saint Petersburg. Additional hulls were built for other countries.

Operational History

Cuban Missile Crisis Project 641s played a central role in some of the most dramatic incidents of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Soviet Navy deployed four Project 641 submarines to Cuba: B-4, B-36, B-59, and B-130 of the Soviet Sixty-Ninth Submarine Brigade. US Navy destroyers dropped practice depth charges near Project 641 subs near Cuba in efforts to force them to surface and be identified. Three of the four Project 641 submarines were forced to surface, however one eluded US forces. However, on 22 March 2014 it was surrendered to or captured by Russia as part of the Russian annexation of Crimea. Russia decided not to accept it due to its age and operational unsuitability. Its subsequent status is unknown. == Units ==

Units

Following is a list of 58 of the 75 Foxtrot-class submarines built during the Soviet Project 641, at Yard 196, Leningrad. , INS Kursura (S20). in a Foxtrot ==Operators==

Operators

Most saw service in the Soviet Navy. Foxtrots were also built for the Indian Navy (eight units, from 1967 to 1974), Libyan (six units, from 1978 to 1980), and Cuban (six units, from 1978 to 1983) navies. Some Soviet Foxtrots later saw service in the Polish and Ukrainian navies. • • (passed on to successor states) • • • • – Variants known as the , and , now decommissioned ( converted into a museum) • • – 6 units (2 left but probably abandoned) • • – three units (hull numbers 309, 510 and 586, incidentally this one was the last "Foxtrot" built) • • – 2 units (ex–Soviet Navy), ORP Wilk (1987–2003) and ORP Dzik (1988–2003) • • – 1 unit (), has been taken over by Russian forces during the 2014 annexation of Crimea. ==On display==

On display

Several Foxtrots are on display as museums around the world, including: • B-413 at Kaliningrad, Russia. • B-427 at the in Long Beach, California, United States. • B-440 at Vytegra, a port on the Volga–Baltic Waterway in Russia. • U-475 Black Widow at Strood, Kent, United Kingdom • Indian Foxtrot submarine INS Kursura (S20) at the Rama Krishna Beach, Visakhapatnam, India. • A Libyan Foxtrot submarine is docked in Benghazi, Libya. ==See also==

Source: Wikipedia ↗

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