England The son of a minister, Francis Higginson received his B.A. degree from
Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1610 and his M.A. in 1613. About 1615, he became minister at Claybrooke, one of the parishes of
Leicester, and acquired great influence as a preacher. Through his acquaintance with
Arthur Hildersham and
Thomas Hooker, he became disenchanted with the
church of England and began to associate himself with Puritan congregations. Religion in England was still going through a very discordant time, especially when
King Charles I ascended the throne in 1625 and married a French Catholic Princess. Puritans in England were persecuted for their beliefs and practices with their ministers being forbidden to preach. Higginson left his parish, although he continued to preach occasionally in the pulpits of the church of England. He refused offers of many excellent well paying jobs on account of his opinions, and was supporting himself by preparing young men for the university.
Expedition In 1628, Higginson was invited to join the
Massachusetts Bay Company, which he did. In 1629 the Company obtained a
Royal Charter from
Charles I of England to form a "plantation" in New England. Higginson and his
Puritan sympathizers were asked to lead the first expedition to
New England's
Massachusetts Bay Colony and establish preliminary settlements. These were some of the first settlers of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony, the main body who would start coming in 1630 on the
Winthrop Fleet. The Higginson Fleet set sail on the 1 May 1629, arriving in Salem harbor on the 24 June 1629, and was greeted by a small group of settlers, led by
John Endecott. The ships in the fleet were: •
Talbot (carried 19 cannon) Capt. Benjamin Gonson/Ganson, whose family had long history with the Royal Navy, Sir Admiral Richard Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake. Long line of descendants. •
George Bonaventure (carried 20 cannon) • '''
Lyon's Whelp''' (carried 40 planters + crew + 8 cannon) •
Four Sisters (carried 14 cannon) •
Mayflower (carried 14 guns); a different ship from the
Pilgrim's Mayflower •
Pilgrim (small ship with 4 guns that carried supplies only)
Salem In Salem there were five houses besides
Endecott's. They had no trained minister, however, so Higginson and Samuel Skelton began conducting services immediately. Higginson drew up a confession of faith, which was assented to, on 6 August, by thirty persons. In the following winter, in the general sickness that ravaged the
Massachusetts Bay Colony, he was attacked by a fever, which disabled him, and finally caused his death Their eldest son,
John (1616–1708), also trained for the ministry. He succeeded his father-in-law
Henry Whitfeld or Whitfield (1597-1687) as minister at
Guilford, Connecticut, and served as pastor of Salem from 1659. Another son, Francis Higginson (1618–1673), returned to England and became vicar of Kirkby Stephen, Westmoreland, where he lived until his death. A portion of his diary was published in 1630 under the title, New Englands Plantation, or a Short and True Description of the Commodities and Discommodities of that Country. He also wrote an account of his voyage, which is preserved in
Hutchinson's collection of papers. ==References==