Fredric Brown

Fredric William Brown, the only child of Karl Lewis and Emma Amelia Brown (née Graham), was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 29, 1906 (and often wished he had been born two days later, on Halloween); he found a sad, piquant pleasure in recalling that 1906 was the year of the San Francisco Earthquake and the Atlanta Race Riot. His father Karl Brown was born in 1871 in Oxford, Ohio, son of Waldo Franklin Brown (1832–1907), a nationally familiar progressive agricultural writer and lecturer who edited the farm pages of The Cincinnati Enquirer and published articles under the name Johnny Plowboy. Karl was something of a get-rich-quick schemer, taking jobs in sales and secretarial correspondence, as well as serving as what one biographer calls "accountant—in the shady business enterprises of a substitute father figure, William P. Harrison, a pioneering if not overly scrupulous entrepreneur of direct mail marketing ... headquartered in Columbus and later, after Columbus had gotten too hot for him, Cincinnati." When Fred was little, Karl Brown was arrested for fraud and Harrison bailed him out. A few years later, Harrison was put on trial for further frauds which gained nationwide headlines and was imprisoned. Biographer Curtis Evans suggests that these childhood experiences led to the shady and downright corrupt figures who appear in Fredric's mystery novels. Brown attended Hughes High School, where he was (following his father) a member of the Commercial Club and the Salesmanship Club, among others. Fred spent a year at Hanover College, Indiana, before returning to Cincinnati. There, he studied for a semester at the University of Cincinnati. His mother died when he was a teenager; biographers say it is likely that he worked for his father, who died when he was 19. His uncle Linn is thought to have given him an allowance from the life insurance money. Brown was descended from Presbyterian families of Massachusetts and Vermont on his father's side, and from Scots-Irish in Pennsylvania on his mother's. His mother Emma was the daughter of a railroad mail clerk. His uncle was Linn Waldo Brown, a schoolteacher in Oxford, Ohio, whom Fredric often visited and would later name his second son after. ==Career==

Day jobs In 1929 he married and relocated to Milwaukee, working various jobs before settling into a career as a proofreader. Other work included writing for newspapers and magazines in the Midwest. When Brown would have trouble with a certain story, he would take a long bus trip in order to sit and think for days on end. Brown began to sell mystery short stories to American magazines in 1936. Brown's first mystery novel, The Fabulous Clipjoint (1947), began a series starring Ed and Ambrose Hunter, depicting how a young man gradually ripens into a detective under the tutelage of his uncle, an ex–private eye now working as a carnival concessionaire. The story was originally published in Angels and Spaceships and the entire collection was later re-published as Star Shine for paperback adaptation. Martians, Go Home (1955) is both a broad farce and a satire on human frailties as seen through the eyes of a billion jeering, invulnerable Martians who arrive not to conquer the world but to drive it crazy. == Popularity and influence ==

Assessment by other authors His 1945 short story "The Waveries" was described by Philip K. Dick as "what may be the most significant—startlingly so—story sci-fi has yet produced". Brown was one of three dedicatees of Robert A. Heinlein's 1961 novel Stranger in a Strange Land (the other two being Robert Cornog and Philip José Farmer). Philosopher and novelist Umberto Eco in his book On Ugliness describes Brown's short story "Sentry" as "one of the finest short stories produced by contemporary science fiction" and uses its twist ending as an example of how ugliness and aesthetics are relative to different cultures. In The Annotated Alice (1960), Martin Gardner refers to Brown's Night of the Jabberwock as a "magnificently funny mystery novel ... an outstanding work of fiction that has close ties to the Alice books." In his non-fiction book Danse Macabre (1981), a survey of the horror genre since 1950, writer Stephen King includes an appendix of "roughly one hundred" influential books of the period: Fredric Brown's short-story collection Nightmares and Geezenstacks is included, and is, moreover, asterisked as being among those select works King regards as "particularly important". Critical reception Brown's first mystery novel, The Fabulous Clipjoint, won the Edgar Award for outstanding first mystery novel. • 1941 "Armageddon" • 1942 "The Star Mouse" • 1943 "Daymare" • 1944 "Arena" • 1945 "Pi in the Sky" (nominated for the 1996 Retro-Hugo Award for Best Novelette) • 1945 "The Waveries" (nominated for the 1946 Retro-Hugo Award for Best Short Story) • 1946 "Placet Is a Crazy Place" • 1948 "Knock" • 1949 "Come and Go Mad" • 1949 "Letter to a Phoenix" • 1949 What Mad Universe (novel, expanded from shorter 1948 version) • 1951 "The Weapon" • 1953 "Hall of Mirrors" • 1953 The Lights in the Sky Are Stars (novel) • 1954 "Answer" • 1954 Martians Go Home (novel, expanded from earlier novella of the same title) • 1961 Nightmares and Geezenstacks (collection of short stories) Adaptations Brown's 1943 short story, "Madman's Holiday", was adapted into the 1946 RKO film Crack-Up. It was also adapted in 1973 for issue 4 of the Marvel Comics title Worlds Unknown. Several of Brown's stories were adapted into episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents. "No Sanctuary", first published in 1945, was adapted by Francis Cockrell as "The Dangerous People", the final episode of the second season of the series. Robert Stevens directs, with Albert Salmi and Robert H. Harris starring as two men waiting in a train station who each suspect the other to be an asylum escapee. Brown is credited with adapting his 1950 short story "The Last Martian" as "Human Interest Story" in 1959. Directed by Norman Lloyd, it stars Steve McQueen, Arthur Hill, Tyler McVey, and William Challee. Sharing elements with a great many of Brown's stories, it is set in a bar and involves a newspaper reporter interviewing a man who claims to have been possessed by a Martian. In Spain, his 1961 short story "Nightmare in Yellow" was adapted as El cumpleaños ("The Birthday"), the 1966 debut episode of Historias para no dormir. Another short story, 1954's "Naturally", was adapted as Geometria, a 1987 short film by director Guillermo del Toro. In popular culture In the third episode of the third season of Amazon's adaptation of Philip K. Dick's The Man In The High Castle, Oberstgruppenführer Smith remarks, when told of the possibility of travel between worlds, that "this is like something out of Fredric Brown", implying that Brown's work is known in the German-occupied areas of the former United States. His novel The Lights in the Sky Are Stars gives its name to the final episode of 2007 anime Gurren Lagann. It is also referred to in Taishi Tsutsui's manga We Never Learn, at the end of Chapter 39. Celebrated crime novelist Lawrence Block published The Burglar Who Met Fredric Brown in 2022. ==Personal life==

In 1929, Brown married Helen Ruth Brown, a woman he had known only through a series of letters they had exchanged by mail. In 1930 the couple moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They had two sons, James R. Brown of Culver City, California, and Linn L. Brown of Fremont, California. His second wife was Elizabeth (née Charlier). Brown was an ardent atheist, like his father was, and his mother was an agnostic. In 1965, he published a biographical piece titled "It's Only Everything", in which he recalls being eight or nine years old and attending a Presbyterian church. He prayed for the life of a dying relative, but when she died in pain, he decided "that Christianity except for a part of its code of ethics was a mess of crap." A lifelong smoker, Brown developed emphysema in his 50s, and he died of it at the age of sixty-five in 1972. == Bibliography ==