Nehrungisch

Those of the Mennonites from the Vistula lowlands, that originated from the lower part of the Rhine belonged together with those from Gdańsk (Danzig), Elbląg (Elbing), and the () and entered the larger area in the second half of the 1540s. The majority of the Chortitza colonists were from the northernmost part of the Marienburger Werder, the Gdańsk Spit and the Gdańsk urban area. The Chortitza Colony Plautdietsch language had no major linguistic difference from the original Nehrungisch, which had changed by 1880. By then, the most conspicuous features (such as /eiw/ for /au/) were limited to the Vistula Spit. The border between Nehrungisch and Samlandic was between Narmeln and Neutief. Flemish Mennonites formed the majority in Chortitza Colony, the Frisian Mennonites settling separately in the same colony in Kronsweide, Schönwiese, Kronsgarten and Einlage. Einlage, Chortitza, had the largest Mennonite Brethren congregation of the country. Andreasfeld Mennonite Brethren Church was a daughter congregation, also in Chortitza. Sommerfelder, Reinländer Mennoniten Gemeinde, Evangelical Mennonite Mission Conference and the Gospel Mennonite Church are of Chortitza origin. Fürstenland Colony was founded by settlers from Chortitza. In the entire Soviet union, Chortitza Plautdietsch nouns in the masculine and neuter would only have the nominative case and an object case (in the dative form), in the feminine only one case (in nominative form), plural nouns would only have the object case anymore. Villages in West Reserve, Canada Furstenthal and Bergthal villages in West Reserve included the following: • Bergfeld • Blumenfeld • Blumengart • Blumenhof • Blumenort, Manitoba • Edenburg • Einlage • Grünfeld • Grunthal, Manitoba • Hochfeld, Manitoba • Kleefeld, Manitoba • Kronsfeld • Lichtfeld • Neuendorf • Neuhorst • Posenort • Reinland • Rosenfeld, Manitoba • Rosengart • Rosenthal • Schöndorf • Schönfeld • Schönriese • Schönthal • Silberfeld • Waldheim • Zichenfeld • Zigenhof Diaspora Chortitza-Plautdietsch is spoken in Mexico, in Altkolonie and Blumenau. Chihuahua, Texas and Bolivia's Santa Cruz Department have Nehrungisch-speaking residents. Plautdietsch speakers in Belize speak Chortitza-Plautdietsch. Mennonites arriving in the country since 1958 were Mexican Old Colony Sommerfelder and Kleine Gemeinde. Some migrated to Canada or northern Mexico. Mennonites of Mexico, Texas, Canada, Belize, western Kansas, and Bolivia are connected. • Altona, Manitoba • Arden, Manitoba • Carman, Manitoba • Gladstone, Manitoba • Graysville, Manitoba • Gretna, Manitoba • Grunthal, Manitoba • Halbstadt, Manitoba • Homewood, Manitoba • Kane, Manitoba • Lowe Farm • MacGregor, Manitoba • Morris, Manitoba • Morden, Manitoba • Plum Coulee • Rosenfeld, Manitoba • Steinbach, Manitoba • Winkler, Manitoba (two) • Winnipeg == Phonology ==

For the distinctive features of Chortitza-Plautdietsch as opposed to Molotschna-Plautdietsch see Plautdietsch#Varieties. Vowels Concerning High Rounded Vowels, Lexical Allophones having [ɛɪv] and not [au], Low Opening Diphthongs, the Northeast of Vistula delta had distinguishing Chortitza features, the same area with the realization of syllabic nasals mentioned below. For West Germanic long o in the East of Nehrung a long e with a cedilla followed by an immediate o was spoken, in the West of Nehrung long o with a cedilla followed by ə. However, there also was the general Chortitza realization of infinitive -n, but not in Kronsweide. Consonants Nehrungisch has d between vowels as r. Chortitza-Plautdietsch has lost /r/ before dental consonants as an off-glide. The /n/ of /an/, /un/, and /in/ is lost before /r/, /l/, /m/ and /n/. It exhibits rhotacisation of /d/ between vowels as /r/. Mexican Plautdietsch speakers have a more back pronunciation of , and than German Plautdietsch speakers who have a more assibilated pronunciation. The Chortitza-Plautdietsch reflex in Mexico of off-glide of words such as OA is usually [w] and . Lenition of the voiced palatal oral stop, accompanied by lowering and lengthening the preceding BITT class, is common in southern Mexico. Some speakers have raised allophones of the BITT class before all palatal stops, but only the ones before voiced palatal stops develop into closing diphthongs. Many voiced palatal oral stops, accompanied by lowering and lengthening of the preceding vowels, occur in southern Mexico. Some speakers have raised allophones of vowels before palatal stops, but only those before voiced palatal stops develop into closing diphthongs. In general, Mexican Plautdietsch speakers have a more back pronunciation of palatal oral stops than German Plautdietsch speakers. Isoglosses Isoglosses in the original dialect area are: • /a/ primarily /au/ • Shortened /u/ in words such as hupe have no shortened /u/ before /p/. • /n/-loss in kannst • Long /o/ is shortened before /l+dental/; umlaut lacking in words such as kaufen • Final /-n/ • /l/-loss in willst and sollst • Loss of /n/ in /an-/, /in-/, /un-/ before the fricatives /r, l, m, n and g/. • büten, dün, glüpen etc. versus buten, dun, glupen etc. • haiwen, blaif etc. versus haue, blau etc. Most of the dialect has High German /au/ as /eiw/, in words such as greiw (High German grau, English grey), in contrast to Werdersch and Molotschna-Plautdietsch. == Grammar ==

Chortitza-Plautdietsch has an accusative case. The Low Prussian dialect has accusative and dative cases. Chortitza-Plautdietsch has eant for "them". It has formal address using the second-person pronoun jie. Chortitza-Plautdietsch's infinitives and plurals end in -en. For verbs with two preterite forms, Chortitza-Plautdietsch has former conjunctives. Chortitza-Plautdietsch has double infinitive forms, and a participle of the verb to be. It has the infinitive and first-person singular and plural of "to be" (senn) and "to have" (han). There is one case for plural and one case for feminine nouns. This is the case for Chortitza-Plautdietsch as well. It is common to use waut (otherwise meaning what) instead of daut for that. Among Plautdietsch speakers in Mexico and Russia, who speak the respective national language quite well it is relatively common, which probably is interference by the respective national language. == See also ==