This genus can be broadly divided into two groups - lineages originating from the colonization of the earliest Canary Islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria, probably between 10-20 million years ago, and a lineage that colonised the younger western islands probably less than 10 million years ago (Cox et al., 2010). Both lineages contain large and small species. MtDNA analyses indicate that Lanzarote and Fuerteventura were colonized first and this led to the small body-sized
G. atlantica which is present today (Cox et al., 2010). Gran Canaria was the next island to have been colonized from Lanzarote/Fuerteventura, giving rise to the large body-sized species,
G. stehlini (Cox et al., 2010). Finally, the clade that colonized the younger western islands was likely to have originated from Lanzarote/Fuerteventura. This western island clade diverged into two groups, all of which colonized Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro, leading to 1) a medium-bodied (e.g.,
G. caesaris from El Hierro) and 2) a large bodied "giant" species (e.g.,
G. simonyi from El Hierro) on each of these islands (note that
G. intermedia from Tenerife belongs to the "giant" group, but present-day individuals are not that large). The giant species now exist, at best, in small relict populations, while
G. auritae may be extinct on La Palma. Prehistoric remains were assigned to the
taxa G. goliath and
G. maxima, the former supposedly occurring on several islands, the latter only on
Tenerife. It was eventually determined, however, that
G. maxima is a
junior synonym of
G. goliath, and that the latter was very close to
G. simonyi; supposed
G. goliath specimens from
El Hierro,
La Gomera, and
La Palma are probably just extremely large individuals of, respectively,
G. simonyi,
G. bravoana, and
G. auaritae (Barahona
et al. 2000). However, a
mummified giant specimen from Tenerife yielded
ancient DNA remains, and by analysis of this, it was concluded that
G. goliath is a valid species that probably was restricted to Tenerife, and apparently was closer to
G. intermedia than to
G. simonyi (Maca-Meyer
et al. 2003).
Basal group •
Gallotia atlantica -
Atlantic lizard •
Gallotia atlantica atlantica •
Gallotia atlantica mahoratae •
Gallotia stehlini -
Gran Canaria giant lizard Western clade Large species •
Gallotia simonyi - Simony's lizard •
Gallotia simonyi simonyi -
Roque Chico de Salmor giant lizard,
extinct (c.1930s) •
Gallotia simonyi machadoi -
El Hierro giant lizard •
Gallotia bravoana -
La Gomera giant lizard, formerly
G. (simonyi) gomerana and
G. simonyi bravoana (Miras & Pérez-Mellado 2005a) •
Gallotia auaritae -
La Palma giant lizard •
Gallotia goliath -
Tenerife giant lizard,
subfossil; includes
G. maxima •
Gallotia intermedia -
Tenerife speckled lizard Small species •
Gallotia caesaris -
Boettger's lizard •
Gallotia caesaris caesaris •
Gallotia caesaris gomerae •
Gallotia galloti -
Tenerife lizard or Western Canaries lizard •
Gallotia galloti eisentrauti •
Gallotia galloti galloti •
Gallotia galloti insulanagae •
Gallotia galloti palmae ==References==