Abdel Halim Hafez

Born Abdel Halim Ali Shabanah in El-Halawat in El Sharqia, 80 kilometers (50 miles) north of Cairo, he was the fourth child of Ali Ismail Shabanah. He had two brothers, Ismail and Mohamed, and one sister, Alyah. His mother died from labor complications three days after giving birth to him – something that made people around him believe that he brought bad luck. His father died as well a few months later, leaving him and his siblings orphaned at a young age. He lived in a poor orphanage for a number of years. Abdel Halim's musical abilities first became apparent while he was in primary school and his older brother Ismail Shabanah was his first music teacher. At the age of 14 he joined the Arabic Music Institute in Cairo and became known for singing the songs of Mohammed Abdel Wahab. He dropped out from the Higher Theatrical Music Institute as an oboe player. ==Musical career==

In the very beginning, Abdel Halim worked as a teacher of music at schools in Tanta and El-Mahalla El-Kubra. While singing in clubs in Cairo, Abdel Halim was drafted as a last-minute substitute when the singer Karem Mahmoud was unable to sing a scheduled live radio performance in 1953. Abdel Halim's performance was heard by Hafez Abdel Wahab, the supervisor of musical programming for Egyptian national radio. Abdel Halim took 'Hafez', Abdel Wahab's first name, as his stage-surname in recognition of his patronage. In collaboration with composer Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Abdel Halim went on to produce many popular love songs such as Ahwak ("I adore you"), Nebtedi Minen el Hekaya ("Where should we start the story"), and Fatet Ganbena( "She passed by us"). Hafez also worked with Egyptian poet Mohamed Hamza on songs including Zay el Hawa ("It feels like love"), Sawah ("Wanderer"), Hawel Teftekerni ("Try to remember me"), Aye Damiet Hozn ("Any tear of sadness"), and ''Maw'ood'' ("Destined"). During his career, he was very popular and always performed in sold-out arenas and stadiums. Despite his popularity, he rarely released a studio album since he worked purely as a live singer. His entire catalogue was acquired by the Mazzika group in the early 2000s. ==Fame==

In Egypt, Halim is known as the "King of Music", "The Son of Nile", "The voice of the people", "The son of the revolution", and "King of emotions and feelings". His patriotic songs were the most frequent songs sung by the crowds during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. His way of singing, the popularity of his songs and his behavior made him a role model for almost every modern singer in the entire region. ==Personal life==

, Huda Sultan, Kawthar Shafik and Mariam Fakhr Eddine celebrating Ezz El-Dine Zulficar's birthday, 1959|180px At the age of 11, Abdel Halim contracted schistosomiasis In 1969, Halim built a hospital in Egypt. He treated the poor, the rich, and presidents equally in the Arab World. , with whom he was friends, 1958 Abdel Halim established strong friendships with many contemporary presidents and kings of the Eastern world, including Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, and King Hassan II of Morocco. He also had very close friendships with most Egyptian poets. == Illness ==

Abdel Halim Hafez was afflicted with cirrhosis of the liver caused by schistosomiasis, and this cirrhosis was the cause of his death in 1977. He knew about this disease for the first time in 1956 when he was invited to have dinner with his friend Mustafa Al-Areef during the Holy month of Ramadan by where he had stomach bleeding. ==Death==

Abdel Halim died of liver failure as a complication from Schistosoma mansoni (reference St. George's University School of Medicine) on 30 March 1977 (a few months before his 48th birthday) while undergoing treatment for Bilharzia in King's College Hospital, London. His funeral in Cairo was attended by tens of thousands of people Halim was reported to have had many more dreams and goals that he wanted to achieve, though his early death prevented him from doing so. In the wake of Halim's passing, it was documented people committed suicide, including at least four women committing suicide by jumping off a balcony during his funeral march. He was buried in Al Bassatin Cemetery in Cairo. == Honours ==

Abdel Halim Hafez's song "Khosara" () received notice in the Western world in 1999 when elements from it were used for Jay-Z's recording "Big Pimpin'." Two complete bars from "Khosara" were rerecorded, not sampled, and used without permission from the song's producer and copyright holder, Magdi el-Amroussi. Jay-Z's use of an interpolation, rather than an actual sample, allowed him to avoid paying royalties for the use of the song. Over 300 of Abdel Halim Hafez's songs were recorded and he starred in 16 classic and successful films, including Dalilah (), which was the Middle East's first color motion picture. In the same year a soap opera "Al-andaleeb hikayt shaab" was produced in Egypt with Shadi Shamel starring as Abdel Halim. Shamel won the lead role in a televised competition. On 21 June 2011, Google celebrated his 82nd birthday with a Google Doodle. On 19 April 2019, Lebanese singer Carole Samaha performed alongside a Pepper's ghost image of Abdel Halim Hafez at the Manara Hall in New Cairo. The concert, titled "Helm" (dream), was Egypt's first concert featuring a Pepper's ghost. ==Songs==

Some of Halim's most popular songs are: • "Ahwak" (I adore you), • "Ala Ad El Sho'" (As much as the longing), • "Ala Hesb Wedad" (Wherever my heart leads me), • "Betlomooni Leih" (Why do you blame me), • "El Massih" (Christ), • "Fatet Ganbena" (She passed by us), • "Gabbar" (Arrogant), • "Gana El Hawa" (The mood struck us), • "Sawwah" (Wanderer), • "Maw'ood" (Destined), • "Zai El Hawa" (Like passion), • "Qari'at Al Fingan" (The coffee fortune-teller), his last song while alive • "Habibati Man-Takoon" (My Love, Who Is She), released posthumously ==Patriotic songs==

• 'The New Testament', written by Mahmoud Abdel Hai and composed by Abdel Hamid Tawfiq Zaki, was the first national anthem sung by Abdel Halim Hafez in 1952. Abdel Halim sang it after the July 23 revolution. • 'We are the people' was the first song Abdel Halim sang to President Gamal Abdel Nasser after his election in 1956. This marked the first collaboration between Abdel Halim, Kamal Al-Taweel and Salah Jahin. • 'God, our country' was the first collaboration between Mohamed Abdel-Wahab and Abdel Halim in the field of patriotic songs, also in 1956. Abdel Halim sang it after the Tripartite Aggression. 'On Its Land' or 'Christ's Song' is about Jerusalem. • It was written by Abdel Rahman Al-Abnoudi, composed by Baligh Hamdi, and arranged by Ali Ismail. • 'Your Son Says You're a Hero' was written by Abdul Rahman Al-Abnoudi and composed by Kamal Al-Taweel. • 'The Greater Homeland Anthem', written by Ahmed Shafiq Kamel and composed by Mohamed Abdel Wahab, was released in 1960. • 'The Story of a People', also written by Ahmed Shafiq Kamel, was composed by Kamal Al-Taweel for the 'Adwaa Al-Madina' party held in Aswan to celebrate the laying of the foundation stone for the construction of the High Dam. • 'Matalib Shaab' was written by Ahmed Shafiq Kamel and composed by Kamal Al-Taweel for the tenth commemoration of the revolution on 23 July 1962. He sang "Sourah" on Revolution Day on 23 July 1966. • It was written by Salah Jaheen and composed by Kamal Al-Taweel. In 1967, he sang "Aadah Al-Nahar", one of Abdel Halim's most prominent songs, written by Abdel Rahman Al-Abnoudi and composed by Baligh Hamdi. • In 1967, he sang "I swear by its name", promising to perform it at all his concerts until Egypt was liberated in Sinai. It was written by Abdel Rahman Al-Abnoudi and composed by Kamal Al-Taweel. 'The Gun Talk' was written by Abdel Rahman Al-Abnoudi and composed by Kamal Al-Taweel in 1968. 'Aash lih Aal' was the first song Abdel Halim sang after the October Victory of 1973. • It was written by Mohamed Hamza and composed by Baligh Hamdi, and it was the first song in which Abdel Halim praised President Mohamed Anwar Sadat's role in Egypt's great victory. 'Good Morning, Sinai' was another collaboration between Abdel Halim and Kamal Al-Taweel in 1974. 'Al Najmah Malet Ala Amar' (1975) was written by Mohsen Al-Khayat and composed by Muhammad Al-Mouji. 'The Boat is Back' was written by Mustafa Al-Damrani and composed by Muhammad Abdel Wahab after the Suez Canal reopened to global navigation. ==Religious invocations==

• "Nafadet Einayah Almanamm" (My eyes shook the dream) • "Ana min al tourab" (I am from dust) • "Ala Toutah" (On the raspberry) • "Adaaouka Ya Samaah" (I call you, Listener) • "Wa Rahmatoka fi Nasim" (And your mercy in the breeze") • "Bayneh wa Bayn Al nas" (Between me and the people) • "Wa Habeh fih Al-ared" (And the grain in the earth) • "Khalineh Kelmah" (Let me a word) • "Waraa Al shajar" (Tree leaves) • "Bayna Sohbat Al Ward" (Among the company of Roses) • "Ya Khalek Alward" (The Creator of the flowers) All of theses religious invocations were written by the poet Abdel-Fattah Mustafa, and composed by Muhammad Al-Mouji. ==Filmography==