German submarine U-199

German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-199 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . U-199 was fitted with six torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a SK C/30 with 2,575 rounds as well as two C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8,100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five. ==Operational history==

U-199 sailed from Kiel on 13 May 1943 on her first and only operational patrol; she negotiated the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands before heading south, crossing the Equator by 17 June, targeting ships in the South Atlantic Ocean. Operating off the Brazilian coast, she torpedoed and damaged the Brazilian armed merchant ship Bury, which returned fire before escaping. On 4 July, the submarine was spotted on the surface by the small fishing boat Changri-Lá. The Brazilian boat was sunk with all hands by gunfire. U-199 had her first and only significant success, sinking the British merchant ship Henzada on 25 July. Fate U-199 was found on the surface, off Rio de Janeiro, in position , by three aircraft, a PBY Catalina, a Lockheed Hudson (both Brazilian), and an American Martin PBM Mariner of VP-74 on 31 July. who later went to Italy as part of 1st Brazilian Fighter Squadron. Forty-nine of the crew were killed, although twelve Germans, including the captain, escaped. This was possible due to the actions of the Catalina's crew, who threw a lifeboat to the survivors. They were rescued by the and taken to Brazil, and then on to captivity in the United States. ==Summary of raiding history==