Off the Wall

Between 1972 and 1975, Michael Jackson released a total of four solo studio albums with Motown: Got to Be There, Ben, Music & Me, and Forever, Michael. These were released as part of the Jackson 5 franchise, and produced successful singles such as "Got to Be There", "Ben" and a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin". The Jackson 5's sales, however, began declining in 1973, and the band members chafed under Motown's strict refusal to allow them creative control or input. Although the group scored several top 40 hits, including the top five disco single "Dancing Machine" and the top 20 hit "I Am Love", the Jackson 5 (minus Jermaine Jackson) left Motown in 1975. After the name change, the band continued to tour internationally, releasing five more studio albums between 1976 and 1984: their self-titled eleventh album, ''Goin' Places, Destiny, Triumph, and Victory'', as well as a live concert album in 1981. During that period, Michael was not only the lead singer, but also the chief songwriter for the group, writing or co-writing such hits as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)", "This Place Hotel" and "Can You Feel It". In 1978, Jackson starred as Scarecrow in the film musical The Wiz. The musical scores were arranged by Quincy Jones, who formed a partnership with Jackson during the film's production and agreed to produce the singer's solo album Off the Wall. Jackson was dedicated to the role, and watched videotapes of gazelles, cheetahs and panthers in order to learn graceful movements for his part in the movie. Jones recalled working with Jackson as one of his favorite experiences from The Wiz, and spoke of Jackson's dedication to his role, comparing his acting style to Sammy Davis Jr. but Jackson's performance as the Scarecrow was one of the only positively reviewed elements of the film, with critics noting that Jackson possessed "genuine acting talent" and "provided the only genuinely memorable moments." Of the results of the film, Jackson stated: "I don't think it could have been any better, I really don't". In 1980, Jackson stated that his time working on The Wiz was "my greatest experience so far...I'll never forget that". While Off the Wall was a reintroduction for Jackson, the album was released shortly after the infamous Disco Demolition Night, which increased the growing backlash against disco music's domination of the charts. ==Production==

(pictured in 1980) produced Off the Wall. This was the first of three successful collaborations with Jackson. When Jackson began the Off the Wall project he was not sure what he wanted as the final result; however, he did not want another record that sounded like the Jacksons, but rather he wanted more creative freedom, something he had not been allowed on prior albums. Jackson's father Joseph also approved of the project and allowed him to record it on the condition that it did not interfere with group business. Despite his brothers' desire to work with him, Jackson wanted to make the album independently of his family. Nevertheless, his brother Randy still contributed percussion to "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". band Wings, written by Paul McCartney.|204x204px Jones produced "Off the Wall", with co-production credit given to Jackson on the songs he wrote for the album. Songwriters included Jackson, Heatwave's Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder and Paul McCartney. All sessions took place at Los Angeles County-based recording studios, with recording taking place between December 4, 1978, and June 3, 1979. Swedien would later mix the recording sessions for Jackson's next album and his most well-known work, 1982's Thriller. co-wrote "I Can't Help It" with Susaye Greene.|187x187px "She's Out of My Life" had been written for Jones by Tom Bahler three years earlier. Jackson heard and enjoyed it, and Jones allowed him to use it on the record. In hindsight, Jones believed they took a lot of risks in the production of Off the Wall and the final choice of album tracks. ==Music and vocals==

Music critics Stephen Thomas Erlewine and Stephen Holden of AllMusic observed that Off the Wall was crafted from R&B, funk, disco-pop, soul, soft rock, and Broadway ballads. Prominent examples include the ballad "She's Out of My Life", the funk tune "Workin' Day and Night", and the disco song "Get on the Floor". With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded; Erlewine described him as a "blindingly gifted vocalist". Writer, journalist and biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli expressed the opinion that Jackson sings with "sexy falsetto" vocals in "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". Taraborrelli also stated, "Fans and industry peers alike were left with their mouths agape when Off the Wall was issued to the public. Fans proclaimed that they hadn't heard him sing with such joy and abandon since the early Jackson 5 days". ==Release and commercial reception==

Off the Wall was released on August 10, 1979. It peaked at number three on the Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart and number one on the Billboard R&B Albums chart, staying at number one on the latter chart for 16 weeks. It remained in the top 10 of the Top LPs & Tape chart for nearly 9 months. It sold three million copies in the United States before the end of 1979, while the Jacksons were still on tour. The album's success led to the start of a nine-year partnership between Jackson and Jones; their next collaboration would be Thriller, which is the best-selling album of all time. By the time Thriller was released in 1982, Off the Wall had sold 7 million copies worldwide. In 2025, it was certified Diamond in the US for sales of 10 million copies. Globally, its sales stand at over 20 million copies worldwide. It has also gained Platinum certifications in eleven other countries. On October 16, 2001, a special edition reissue of Off the Wall was released by Sony Records to promote his upcoming album Invincible, with the album cover using the original back cover instead (only showcasing the bottom half of his legs). == Singles ==

"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" was released on July 10, 1979, under Epic Records which was Jackson's first solo single not released under Motown Records. The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 on October 10, making it Jackson's first solo number one single since "Ben", seven years prior. "Rock with You" also reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Jackson's third number-one single of his career and it also reached the top spot on R&B charts. It spent four consecutive weeks at number one starting January 19, 1980, and was the fourth-biggest single of 1980. In February the album's title track was released as a single, and went to number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and became a top 10 hit in four countries. "She's Out of My Life" was released after that, also reaching number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in June. The song was also one of Jackson's slowest songs, with a tempo of 66 beats per minute. Off the Wall became the first album by a solo artist to generate four US top 10 hits. ==Critical reception==

Off the Wall received widespread critical acclaim and was hailed as a major artistic breakthrough for Jackson. In a review of the album, Rolling Stone magazine contributor Stephen Holden praised Jackson's maturity and transition from his early Motown material, stating that the album "represents discofied post-Motown glamour at its classiest." Holden went on to compare Jackson to Stevie Wonder, another Motown performer who began recording at a young age and gained critical acclaim for his transition.Bill William lauded Off the Wall in Kingsport Times, declaring the album as "the finest example we have heard of the sheer power and potency" of Jackson as a soloist up to that point. In a review for Melody Maker, Phil McNeill expressed the opinion that in Off the Wall Jackson sounded comfortable, confident and in control. He believed "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" had a "classy" introduction and that it was the best song on the album. He also praised "Rock with You", describing it as "masterful". Several critics particularly noted the improvement in Jackson's vocal ability. In The Village Voice, critic Robert Christgau credited Jackson and Jones with "fashion[ing] the dance groove of the year" and stated that "Michael's vocabulary of grunts, squeals, hiccups, moans, and asides is a vivid reminder that he's grown up." Giving the album a favorable review in Smash Hits, David Hepworth said that Jackson "sings like an angel". Hepworth also wrote for Sounds, sharing the view that Off the Wall is a "gem" and highlighting "She’s Out Of My Life" as a "hauntingly beautiful ballad". Pat Stevens of Evening Post praised the album for illustrating Jackson's "flexibility". Awards Off the Wall was ranked amongst the best albums of the year in both 1979 and 1980 in its respective Pazz & Jop polls by The Village Voice. In 1980, Jackson won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for “Don’t Stop ‘Til You Get Enough”. In the same year, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough". In the following year, Off the Wall won Favorite Soul/R&B Album again and Jackson won Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist. Despite its commercial and critical success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release. In particular, Jackson was disappointed that he had only won a single Grammy Award at the 1980 Grammy Awards. The album also did not get nominated for Album of the Year, which was viewed as a surprise. Jackson stated that "It was totally unfair that it didn't get Album of the Year and it can never happen again". Rankings In 2003, Off the Wall was ranked number 68 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, maintaining the ranking in a 2012 revised list until the current revision of 2020 which has been ranked at number 36. In Blender's 100 Greatest American Albums of All Time list, it was ranked number 13. The album was included in the 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In Colin Larkin's third edition of the All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000), it was ranked at number 235. It was also ranked number seven in the Soul/R&B – All Time Top 50 albums. The National Association of Recording Merchandisers (NARM), in conjunction with the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, ranked the album at number 80 of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time. In 2008, Off the Wall was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. It was ranked number 56 in The Guardian's list of the 100 Best Albums Ever. Additionally, The Guardian's list of the 50 Key Events in the History of Pop Music ranked 'Michael Jackson starts work on Off the Wall' at number 23. It was also ranked third in their list of the Greatest of All Time Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, out of 100 albums. Uncut ranked Off the Wall at number 46 on its list of the 200 Greatest Albums Of All Time. In 2019, The Independent included it in its list of The 40 Best Albums to Listen to Before You Die. In 2025, Spin ranked it as Jackson's best album. Accolades == Legacy and influence ==

Impact Off the Wall is widely considered by critics and publications to be one of the greatest albums of all time. Although it was not as commercially successful as Bad and Dangerous, the album is often debated by critics between itself and Thriller as Jackson's best. According to some music journalists, it epitomized the peak of the disco era, being part of a group of landmark disco albums including Donna Summer's Bad Girls (1979) and Bee Gees' Saturday Night Fever (1977). James Wilson-Taylor of PopBuzz believed that the album influenced artists including the Weeknd, Justin Bieber and Beyoncé. The Weeknd cited it as a major influence on his artistry, saying, "I found my falsetto, because of Off the Wall [and] "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough"...I always use Michael [Jackson] as, first and foremost, a vocal inspiration, and Off the Wall was definitely the one that made me feel like I could sing." Britni Danielle of Ebony highlighted Chris Brown's "Fine China" for being a "surprisingly lush and infectious tune reminiscent of Jackson's Off the Wall ['vibe']". Regarding the comparison to Jackson's Off the Wall 'vibe', Brown himself stated "I really wanted to kind of bring that essence of music back with that single." Writing for Pitchfork, Ryan Dombal said that the influence of "I Can't Help It" on Pharrell Williams's "off-kilter funk cannot be overstated". During Sean Combs' acceptance speech for the Recording Academy's Salute to Industry Icon award at the Clive Davis' Pre-Grammy Gala, where he expressed his disappointment towards the Grammy Awards due to the lack of big award wins for Black artists, Combs' spoke on Thriller being Jackson's "revenge" for "not being nominated [enough] for Off the Wall". Combs' also dedicated his award to Off the Wall. A writer of PR Newswire credits the album for "smashing the ceiling on record sales for black artists [and] ushering in an exciting new era of R&B-to-pop crossover airplay, chart, marketing and sales trends not seen before in modern pop music." According to the same writer, Reappraisal Retrospective reviews have continued to praise Off the Wall for its appeal in the 21st century. Blender gave the record a full five star review stating that it was, "A blockbuster party LP that looked beyond funk to the future of dance music, and beyond soul ballads to the future of heart-tuggers—in fact, beyond R&B to color-blind pop. Hence, the forgivable Wings cover". AllMusic gave the record a five star review, praising the record's disco-tinged funk and mainstream pop blend, along with Jackson's songwriting and Jones' crafty production. David O'Donnell, writing for the BBC, described Off the Wall as "one of the finest pop albums ever made" and showcasing Jackson as a "gifted and versatile vocalist, comfortable performing on ballads as well as upbeat disco tracks." Tom Ewing of The Guardian regarded Off the Wall as superior to Thriller: "... we can say with more certainty that Thriller will keep its position as the highest-selling LP ever – but it's Off the Wall that critics routinely hail as Jackson's masterpiece." and also wrote "... with [Off the Wall] Jackson and his mentor Jones made pop's great coming-of-age album." In August 2018, on the occasion of what would have been Jackson's 60th birthday, Entertainment Weekly reevaluated the album, giving it a score of A−, saying that the album was Jackson's first musical statement as an adult, that it was "a featherweight rapture of disco-flecked R&B" containing dance-floor favorites and some lesser songs. Wilson-Taylor also claimed that Off the Wall is "arguably, the greatest pop album of all time" and credited it for being the pathway of Jackson becoming a "genuine musical phenomenon". Nelson George wrote of Jackson and his music, "the argument for his greatness in the recording studio begins with his arrangements of 'Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough'. The layers of percussion and the stacks of backing vocals, both artfully choreographed to create drama and ecstasy on the dance floor, still rock parties in the 21st century". Burleson also called it a "masterpiece" and a "groundbreaking pop record for the masses that continues to be transformative even today." Blender wrote "[Off the Wall] was the first suggestion that disco need not be tacky" and that the album's "immaculately produced, pre-Thriller tracks are now too familiar to shock, but in 1979, they were revolutionary." With regards to the album, the magazine also wrote "perfection is timeless." ==Track listing==

All tracks are produced by Quincy Jones, except where noted. • Jones • Jackson (co.) }} • Jones • Jackson (co.) }} • Jackson • Louis Johnson }} • Jones • Jackson (co.) }} }} • Carole Bayer Sager • David Foster }} }} Notes • The original LP, cassette pressings and some early CD issues pressed in Japan contain the original mixes of "Rock with You" and "Get on the Floor". • Every song on the album is available either as A or B sides of single releases both in 7- or 12-inch format. Seven of the songs out of ten saw US release either as A or B sides and the UK had the remaining three songs available also as A or B sides of singles. As of 2000 the singles are available in both 7- and 12-inch formats and few different mixes, even though some releases have been more targeted to a UK/Europe audience. The original album mix of the title track is not available as a single, and the original mix was kept for future reissues of the album. Unlike the two songs mentioned in the upper note, the single mix did not replace the title track on all future reissues. • Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough, I Can't Help It, and a live version of Working Day and Night appear in the biopic, Michael. ==Personnel==

Personnel as listed in the album's booklet. • Michael Jackson – lead vocals , background vocals , co-producer , percussion , vocal arrangements , rhythm and percussion arrangements • Patti Austin – lead and backing vocals • Tom Bahler – rhythm arrangement , vocal arrangement • Michael Boddicker – synthesizer , programming • Larry Carlton – guitar • Paulinho Da Costa – percussion • George Duke – synthesizer and synthesizer programming • David Foster – synthesizer , rhythm arrangement • Jim Gilstrap – background vocals • Gary Grant – trumpet • Richard Heath – percussion • Marlo Henderson – guitar • Jerry Hey – horn arrangements, trumpet, and flugelhorn • Kim Hutchcroft – baritone saxophone, tenor saxophone, and flute • Randy Jackson – percussion • Mortonette Jenkins – background vocals • Augie Johnson – background vocals • Louis Johnson – bass guitar , rhythm arrangement • Quincy Jones – producer , rhythm arrangements , vocal arrangements • Johnny Mandel – strings arrangement • Paulette McWilliams – background vocals • Greg Phillinganes – Rhodes piano , synthesizer , clavinet , rhythm arrangements • Steve Porcaro – synthesizer programming • Bill Reichenbach Jr. – trombone • John Robinson – drums , percussion • Bruce Swedien – recording engineer and audio mixer • Rod Temperton – rhythm and vocal arrangements • Phil Upchurch – guitar • Gerald Vinci – concertmaster • Bobby Watson – bass guitar • Wah Wah Watson – guitar • David Williams – guitar • Larry Williams – tenor saxophone, alto saxophone, and flute , alto saxophone solo • Zedrick Williams – background vocals • Hawk Wolinski – Fender Rhodes • Stevie Wonder – rhythm arrangement • Ben Wright – strings arrangements ==Charts==

Weekly charts Year-end charts ==Certifications and sales==

Notes • part of a re-issue promotion of solo albums released under Epic. • featuring a documentary Michael Jackson‘s Journey from Motown to Off the Wall directed by Spike Lee. • sourced from the original master tapes. ==References==