Kings '' illustration of Bael 's
Dictionnaire Infernal, 1863 edition 's
Dictionnaire Infernal 's
The Goetia corresponds to
Pruflas's illustration from the
Dictionnaire Infernal 's book
Buche Belial (1473) '' • According to the Grand Grimoire,
Baal (or Bael) is the head of the infernal powers. He is also the first demon listed in Wierus's
Pseudomonarchia daemonum. According to Wierus, Bael is the first king of
Hell with estates in the east. He has three heads: a toad, a man, and a cat. He also speaks in a raucous, but well-formed voice, and commands 66 legions. Bael teaches the art of invisibility, and may be the equivalent of Baal or
Baalzebub, one of the
Seven princes of Hell. •
Paimon (also Paimonia, Paymon) is one of the Kings of Hell, more obedient to
Lucifer than other kings are, and has two hundred legions of demons under his rule. He has a great voice and roars as soon as he comes, speaking in this manner for a while until the conjurer compels him and then he answers clearly the questions he is asked. When a conjurer invokes this demon he must look towards the northwest, the direction of Paimon's house, and when Paimon appears he must be allowed to ask the conjurer what he wishes and be answered, in order to obtain the same from him. • Paimon teaches all arts, philosophies, and sciences, and secret things; he can reveal all mysteries of the Earth, wind, and water, what the mind is, and where it is, and everything the conjurer wants to know. He gives good
familiars, dignities and confirms them, and binds men to the conjurer's will. • If Paimon is cited alone, buffering or sacrifice must be done, and he will accept it, though the precise nature of the gift is unclear; then two kings called Beball (Bebal or Labal) and Abalam (Abalim) will go to him together with other spirits, often twenty-five legions; but these other spirits do not always come unless the conjurer calls upon them. • Paimon is depicted as a man with an effeminate face, wearing a precious
crown, and riding a
dromedary. Before him often goes a host of demons with the shape of men, playing
trumpets,
cymbals, and any other sort of musical instrument. •
Beleth (also spelled Bilet, Bileth, and Byleth) is a mighty and terrible king of Hell, who has eighty-five legions of demons under his command. He rides a warhorse, and all kind of music is heard before him, according to most authors on
demonology and the most known
grimoires. According to
Pseudomonarchia Daemonum,
Ham, son of Noah, was the first in invoking him after the flood, and wrote a book on
mathematics with his help. • When appearing, he looks very fierce to frighten the conjurer or to see if he is courageous. The conjurer must be brave, and holding a hazel wand in his hand must draw a triangle by striking towards the South, East, and upwards, and command Beleth into it by means of some conjurations. • If he does not obey, the conjurer must rehearse all threats the conjurations said. Then, Beleth will obey and do all that he is commanded, but the conjurer must be respectful and pay homage unto Beleth due to his rank, and hold a silver ring in the middle finger of the left hand against his face, as it is the use of hellish kings and princes before
Amaymon. • Beleth gives all the love of men and women he is commanded until the conjurer is satisfied. •
Purson (also Curson, Pursan) is a Great King of Hell, being served and obeyed by twenty-two legions of demons. He knows of hidden things, can find treasures, and tells past, present and future. Taking a human or aerial body he answers truly of all secret and divine things of Earth and the creation of the world. He also brings good
familiars. Purson is depicted as a man with the face of a
lion, carrying a ferocious
viper in his hand, and riding a
bear. Before him, there can be heard many
trumpets sounding. This demon blows internal trumpets, and is believed connected to the revelator to the
Antichrist. •
Asmodeus (also Ashmodai, Asmodeus, Asmody, Asmoday) appears as the king 'Asmoday' in the
Ars Goetia, where he is said to have a seal in gold and is listed as number thirty-two according to respective rank. He "is strong, powerful and appears with three heads; the first is like a bull, the second like a man, and the third like a ram or a goat; the tail of a
serpent, and from his mouth issue flames of fire." (also Zagam) is a Great King and President of Hell, commanding over thirty-three legions of demons. He makes men witty; he can also turn wine into water, water into wine, and blood into wine (according to
Pseudomonarchia Daemonum blood into oil, oil into blood, and a fool into a wise man). Other of his powers is that of turning metals into coins that are made with that metal (i.e., gold into a gold coin, copper into a copper coin, etc.). Zagan is depicted as a
griffin-winged bull that turns into a man after a while. •
Belial (also Belhor, Baalial, Beliar, Beliall, Beliel) is listed as the sixty-eighth spirit of
The Lesser Key of Solomon. He is a King of Hell with 80 legions of demons and 50 legions of spirits under his command. He was created as the first, after Lucifer. He has the power to distribute senatorships and gives excellent familiars. He must be presented with offerings, sacrifices, and gifts, or else he will not give true answers to demands. run, finding pleasure in teaching immoral expressions. He also has the power to destroy dignities, both temporal and supernatural. He tempts people to steal and is in charge of a good relationship among thieves. Valefar is considered a good
familiar by his associates "till they are caught in the trap." He commands ten legions of demons. •
Zepar is a strong Great Duke of Hell, having thirty-six (twenty according to
Pseudomonarchia Daemonum) legions of demons under his rule. He gives true answers of all things past, present and future, but he must be first commanded to enter a
magic triangle for if not he will lie, deceive the conjurer, and beguile him in other business. But if he enters the triangle he will answer truly, and gladly speak about
divinity, the creation of the world, himself, and other
fallen angels. He can also destroy all the conjurer's enemies by burning them up. If the
magician requests it, he will not suffer
temptations from any spirit or in any form. Commonly people represent him as a humanoid
leopard with big claws. Flauros is depicted as a terrible and strong leopard that under request of the conjurer changes into a man with fiery eyes and an awful expression. Flauros can also supposedly be called upon when a mortal wishes to take vengeance on other demons. This is likely included in his capability to destroy the conjurer's enemies. •
Dantalion (or Dantalian) is a powerful Great Duke of Hell, with thirty-six legions of demons under his command; he is the 71st of 72 spirits of
Solomon. He teaches all arts and sciences, and also declares the secret counsel of anyone, given that he knows the thoughts of all people and can change them at his will. He can also cause love and show the similitude of any person, show the same by means of a vision, and let them be in any part of the world they will. He is depicted as a man with many appearances, which means the faces of all men and women. There are also many depictions in which he is said to hold a book in one of his hands: The Seventy-first Spirit is Dantalion. He is a Duke Great and Mighty, appearing in the Form of a Man with many Countenances, all Men's and Women's Faces; and he hath a Book in his right hand. His Office is to teach all Arts and Sciences unto any; and to declare the Secret Counsel of any one; for he knoweth the Thoughts of all Men and Women, and can change them at his Will. He can cause Love, and show the Similitude of any person, and show the same by a Vision, let them be in what part of the World they Will. He governeth 36 Legions of Spirits; and this is his Seal, which wear thou, etc. —
The Lesser Key of Solomon Princes File:12-Sitri seal.png|alt=Sytry's Seal.|Sytry's Seal File:Stolas.jpg|alt=Stolas as illustrated by Louis Le Breton in Dictionnaire Infernal.|Stolas as illustrated by Louis Le Breton in
Dictionnaire Infernal File:36-Stolas seal.png|alt=Stolas' Seal.|Stolas's seal File:Stolas Text.jpg|alt=A description of the demon Stolas. Illustrated by Louis Le Breton.|A description of the demon Stolas, illustrated by Louis Le Breton File:Orobas.jpg|alt=An early woodcut image of Orobas.|An early woodcut image of Orobas File:55-Orobas seal.png|alt=Orobas' Seal.|Orobas's Seal •
Vassago (also Vasago, Usagoo) is a mighty Prince of Hell (
see Hierarchy of demons), ruling over twenty-six legions of demons. He can be persuaded to tell the magician of events past and future, can discover hidden and lost things, and has a "good" nature. •
Orobas is a very powerful Great Prince of Hell, having twenty
legions of demons under his control. He supposedly gives true answers of things past, present and to come, divinity, and the creation of the world; he also confers dignities and prelacies, and the favour of friends and foes. Orobas is faithful to the conjurer, does not permit that any spirit tempts him, and never deceives anyone. He is depicted as a horse that changes into a man under the conjurer's request. The name could come from Latin "orobias", a type of
incense. •
Seir (also known as Seire, Seere, or Sear) is a Prince of Hell with 26 legions of demons under his command. He can go to any place on earth in a matter of seconds to accomplish the will of the conjurer, bring abundance, help in finding hidden treasures or in robbery, and is not a demon of evil but good nature, being mostly indifferent to evilness. He is depicted as a man riding a winged horse, and is said to be beautiful.
Marquises •
Gamigin (also Gamygin, Gamigm or Samigina) is a Great Marquis of Hell who rules over thirty legions of
demons. He teaches all liberal sciences and gives an account of the
souls of those who died in
sin He is supposedly the most valiant
Marquis of Hell, and has nineteen legions of demons under his command. He makes men cunning in all arts, but especially in
rhetoric, speaking with a hoarse voice. He also restores lost dignities and honors, although to Johann Weyer he procures the loss of them. Naberius appears as a three-headed dog or a raven. He has a raucous voice but presents himself as eloquent and amiable. He teaches the art of gracious living. He is depicted as a
crow or a black
crane. Concerning his name, it is unclear if there is an association with the
Greek Cerberus. It is said that in 1583, Johann Weyer considers both of them to be the same demon. He claimed
"Naberius [Naberus], alias Cerberus, is a valiant marquesse, shewing himselfe in the forme of a crowe, when he speaketh with a hoarse voice: he maketh a man amiable and cunning in all arts, and speciallie in rhetorike, he procureth the losse of prelacies and dignities: nineteene legions heare (and obeie) him." •
(Marquis/Count) Ronové (also Ronove, Roneve, Ronwe) is a Marquis and Great Earl of Hell, commanding twenty legions of demons. He teaches
Rhetoric, languages, and gives good and loyal servants and the favour of friends and foes. He is described as a monster holding a staff, without detailing his appearance. '' He is also described as taker of old souls; often coming to earth to harvest souls of decrepit humans and animals near death. •
Forneus is a Great Marquis of Hell, and has twenty-nine legions of demons under his rule. He teaches
Rhetoric and languages, gives men a good name, and makes them be loved by their friends and foes. He is depicted as a great
sea monster. His name seems to come from Latin "fornus", "furnus": "oven". •
Marchosias (also Marchocias) is a powerful Great Marquis of Hell, commanding thirty legions of demons. He is a strong and excellent fighter and very reliable to the conjurer, giving true answers to all questions. Marchosias hoped after 1,200 years to return to heaven with the non-
fallen angels, but he is deceived in that hope. He is depicted as a
wolf with a man's form as well as a
griffin's wings and a serpent's tail, that under request changes shape into a man. The name Marchosias comes from
Late Latin marchio, "marquis". •
Phenex (also Pheynix, Phoenix, Phoeniex) is a Great Marquis of Hell and has twenty legions of demons under his command. He teaches all wonderful sciences, is an excellent poet, and is very obedient to the
conjuror. Phenex hopes to return to
Heaven after 1,200 years, but he is deceived in this hope. He is depicted as a
phoenix, which sings sweet notes with the voice of a child, but the conjurer must warn his companions (for he has not to be alone) not to hear them and ask him to put in human shape, which the demon supposedly does after a certain amount of time. Johann Weyer's
Pseudomonarchia Daemonum describes this spirit as follows: "''Phoenix is a great marquesse, appearing like the bird Phoenix, having a child's voice: but before he standeth still before the conjuror, he singeth manie sweet notes. Then the exorcist with his companions must beware he give no eare to the melodie, but must by and by bid him put on humane shape; then will he speake marvelous of all wonderfull sciences. He is an excellent poet, and obedient, he hopeth to returne to the seventh throne after a thousand two hundredth yeares, and governeth twentie legions.''" •
Sabnock (these were somehow left out of the English translation by
Reginald Scot). He has thirty legions of demons under his command. Decarabia knows the virtues of all herbs and precious stones, and can change into all birds and sing and fly like them before the conjurer. He is depicted as appearing as a
pentagram star, changing into a man under the conjurer's request.
Earls • 's
Dictionnaire Infernal Furfur (also
Furtur) is a powerful Great
Earl of Hell, being the ruler of twenty-six legions of demons. He is a liar unless compelled to enter a magic triangle where he gives true answers to every question, speaking with a rough voice. Furfur causes love between a man and a woman, creates storms, tempests, thunder, lightning, and blasts, and teaches on secret and divine things. He is depicted as a
hart or winged hart, and also as an angel. "Furfur" or "furfurēs" in Latin means "bran". However, it seems more likely that the name is a corruption of "Furcifer", the Latin word for "scoundrel". Slightly less likely considering the context, but still possible, is that the name originated from "fūr", Latin for "thief". •
Malthus (also Halphas, Malthas, or Malthous) is an Earl of Hell, commanding 26 legions of demons, who is said to have a rough voice when speaking. He is often depicted in the shape of a
stork. Malthus builds towers and fills them with ammunition and weapons, an armorer of sorts. He is a prince of Hell. He is also said to send his legions into battle, or to places designated by higher commanding demons. •
Raum (also Raim, Raym, Räum) is a Great Earl of Hell, ruling thirty legions of demons. He is depicted as a
crow which adopts a human form at the request of the conjurer. Raum steals treasures out of kings' houses, carrying them where he wishes, and destroys cities and dignities of men (he is said to have great dispraise for dignities). Raum can also tell things past, present, and future, reconcile friends and foes and invoke love. • " (1863)
Bifrons (also Bifrovs, Bifröus, Bifronze) is a demon, Earl of Hell, with six legions of demons under his command. He teaches sciences and arts, the virtues of the gems and woods,
herbs, and changes corpses from their original grave into other places, sometimes putting
magic lights on the graves that seem candles. He appears as a monster but then changes his shape into that of a man. The origin of the name is the
Roman god
Janus (
Ianus Bifrons meaning "Two-faced Janus"). •
Andromalius He teaches
philosophy,
astronomy,
rhetoric,
logic,
chiromancy and
pyromancy. Furcas is depicted as a strong old man with white hair and long white beard, who rides a horse while holding a sharp weapon (pitch fork).'s
Dictionnaire Infernal The etymology of his name may be derived from the Latin word
furca, meaning fork, or from
Greco-Roman also meaning a
sepulchre (tomb).
Presidents •
Marbas is a demon described in the
Ars Goetia. He is described as a Great President of Hell governing thirty-six legions of demons. He answers truly on hidden or secret things, causes and heals diseases, teaches mechanical arts, and changes men into other shapes. He is depicted as a great
lion that, under the conjurer's request, changes shape into a man. •
Buer is a spirit that appears in the 16th century grimoire
Pseudomonarchia Daemonum and its derivatives, where he is described as a Great President of Hell, having fifty legions of demons under his command. He appears when the
Sun is in
Sagittarius. Buer teaches
Natural and
Moral Philosophy,
Logic, and the virtues of all
herbs and plants. He also heals all infirmities, especially of men, and gives good
familiars. He is depicted in the shape of
Sagittarius, which is as a
centaur with a bow and arrows. Additionally, Louis Le Breton created an illustration of Buer, later engraved by M. Jarrault, depicting the demon as having the head of a
lion and five
goat legs surrounding his body to walk in every direction. The
etymology of his name is uncertain. •
(Count/President) Botis (or Otis) is a Great President and Earl of Hell, commanding sixty legions of demons. He tells of all things past and future, and reconciles friends and foes. He is depicted as an ugly
viper, but when he changes shape, he puts himself in human shape, with big teeth and two horns. When in human shape he carries a sharp and bright sword in his hand. •
(Count/President) Morax (also Foraii, Marax and Farax) is a Great Earl and President of Hell, having thirty-six legions of demons under his command. He teaches
Astronomy and all other liberal sciences, and gives good and wise
familiars that know the virtues of all herbs and precious stones. He is depicted as a big
bull with the face of a man. It has been proposed that Morax is related to the Minotaur which Dante places in Hell (
Inferno, Canto xii). See Fred Gettings, Dictionary of Demons (1988) His name seems to come from Latin "morax", that delays, that stops. • " (1863)
(Count/President) Glasya-Labolas (also Caacrinolaas, Caassimolar, Classyalabolas, Glassia-labolis, Glasya Labolas, Gaylos-Lobos) is a mighty President of Hell who commands thirty-six legions of demons. He is the author and captain of manslaughter and bloodshed, tells all things past and to come, gains the minds and love of friends and foes causing love among them if desired, incites homicides and can make a man invisible. He is depicted as a dog with the wings of a
griffin. •
Foras (alternatively Forcas or Forrasis) is a powerful President of Hell, being obeyed by twenty-nine legions of demons. He teaches
logic and
ethics in all their branches, the virtues of all
herbs and
precious stones, can make a man witty, eloquent, invisible, and live long, and can discover treasures and recover lost things. He is depicted as a strong man. His name seems to derive from Latin
foras (out, outside). •
Malphas is a mighty Great President of Hell, having forty legions of demons under his command. He builds houses, high towers and strongholds, throws down the buildings of the enemies, can destroy the enemies' desires or thoughts (and/or make them known to the conjurer) and all what they have done, gives good
familiars, and can bring quickly artificers together from all places of the world. Malphas accepts willingly and kindly any sacrifice offered to him, but then he will deceive the conjurer. He is depicted as a
crow that after a while or under request changes shape into a man, and speaks with a hoarse voice. •
Haagenti (also Haage, Hage) is a Great President of Hell, ruling thirty-three legions of demons. He makes men wise by instructing them in every subject, transmutes all metals into gold, and changes wine into water and water into wine. Haagenti is depicted as a big
bull with the wings of a
griffin, changing into a man under request of the conjurer.'s
Dictionnaire Infernal, 1863 edition •
Camio (also Caim, Caym) appears in
Ars Goetia, the first part of
The Lesser Key of Solomon as a Great President of Hell, ruling over thirty legions of demons. Much detail is offered: he is a good disputer, gives men the understanding of the voices of birds, cattle, dogs, and other creatures, and of the noise of the waters too, and gives true answers concerning things to come. He is depicted in 19th and 20th century
occultist illustrations as appearing in the form of the black bird called a
thrush, but soon he changes his shape into a man that has a sharp
sword in his hand. When answering questions he seems to stand on burning ashes or
coals. He is a nocturnal demon that is most powerful during the month of December. •
Ose (also Osé, Oze, Oso, Voso) is a Great President of Hell, ruling three legions of demons. He makes men wise in all liberal sciences and gives true answers concerning divine and secret things; he also brings insanity to any person the conjurer wishes, making them believe that they are the creature or thing the magician desired, or makes that person think he is a
king and wearing a crown, or a
pope. Ose is depicted as a
leopard that after a while changes into a man. His name seems to derive from Latin "os", mouth, language, or "osor", that who abhors. •
Amy (also Avnas) is the 58th spirit, a President of Hell, •
Valac (also Ualac, Valak, Valax, Valu, Valic, Volac) is a mighty Great President of Hell, having thirty legions of demons under his command. Valac is said to give true answers about hidden treasures; he reveals where serpents can be seen, and delivers them harmless to the magician. He is said to appear as a small poor boy with angel wings riding on a two-headed dragon. ==See also==