Glebe, New South Wales

Glebe's name is derived from the fact that the land on which it was developed was a glebe, originally owned by the Anglican Church. 'The Glebe' was a land grant of given by Governor Arthur Phillip to Reverend Richard Johnson, Chaplain of the First Fleet, in 1790. Glebe is now much altered from the environment which was home to Aboriginal people of the Guringai tribe for thousands of years and which Europeans first saw soon after the settlement was established at Sydney Cove in 1788. Blackwattle Creek and Blackwattle Bay were discovered and named in 1789. Almost half of the Aboriginal population was killed by disease within the first few years of white occupation and survivors, with their traditional life shattered and increasing pressure put on their resources, retreated away from the principal settlement. It is likely that the relatively untouched area of Glebe provided some shelter but there are no known Aboriginal sites on or near the study area. The Church sold 27 allotments in 1828 - north on the point and south around Broadway. The Church kept the middle section where the Glebe Estate is now. Up until the 1970s the Glebe Estate was in the possession of the Church. designing it along conventional Victorian Regency lines. He also designed St John's Church, on the corner of Glebe Point Road and St Johns Road. The church was built from 1868 to 1870. Reclaiming the swamp, Wentworth Park opened in 1882 as a cricket ground and lawn bowls club. Rugby union football was played there in the late 19th century. Glebe was home to a first grade football team in the New South Wales Rugby League. The Glebe Dirty Reds were formed in 1908 and played in the first seasons of rugby league in Australia, with home games at Wentworth Park. The foundation club did not win a premiership and was excluded from the competition in 1930. Dog racing started in 1932. In the early 20th century modest villas were broken up into boarding houses as they were elsewhere in the inner city areas. The wealthier moved into the suburbs which were opening up through the railways. Up until the 1950s, Sydney was the location for working-class employment – it was a port and industrial city. By the 1960s central Sydney was becoming a corporate city with service-based industries - capital intensive not labour-intensive. A shift in demographics occurred, with younger professionals and technical and administrative people servicing the corporate city wanting to live close by. Housing was coming under threat and the heritage conservation movement was starting. The Fish Markets moved in during the 1970s. An influx of students came to Glebe in the 1960s and 1970s. This was one of many properties left empty in the area due to government plans to build the North-East Expressway. The demolition of parkland and houses in Glebe was averted after the NSW Builders Labourers Federation placed bans on such work. Original vegetation The original vegetation was the Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest. A veteran Ironbark still grows at the grounds of St John's Anglican Church, at Glebe Point Road. ==Landmarks==

skyline at night from Glebe • Glebe Town Hall, a heritage-listed civic building, which was used as the seat of the Glebe Municipal Council from its opening 1880 to 1948. Since merging with the City of Sydney council in that year, the building has been used extensively as a community hall for local concerts, rehearsals, balls, parties, conferences, and society meetings. • Rozelle Tram Depot, constructed in stages from 1904, is the largest remaining tram depot in Sydney, and is one of five remaining tram depots in the state of New South Wales. Operations ceased on 22 November 1958. The depot at present contains six historic trams, some of which date back to the 1930s, as well as an old coach that has been heavily vandalised. The trams that were in near mint condition prior to 2000 have now been vandalised, stripped and painted with graffiti. The depot served the inner western suburbs tram routes to Leichhardt, Balmain, Birchgrove, Abbotsford, and Lilyfield. During its peak of operations the depot was a major place of employment, employing up to 650 staff and was one of few workplaces of significant size in the Glebe area during its period. The depot ceased operations on 22 November 1958. • Sze Yup Temple (Chinese: 四邑廟) is located in Edward Street and was originally built in 1898 by Chinese immigrants from Sze Yup, Guangdong, China. It provided a focal point for the early Chinese market gardeners in the area and is still in use today. The present building, which replaced one destroyed by fire, dates from 1955. Arsonists caused another fire in January 2008, damaging the roof and all its contents. Racism and anti-Chinese sentiments just prior to Chinese New Year in February were suspected as motives, but police refused to confirm or deny this. While refusing to agree to community suspicions that the fire was racially motivated, in January 2009 the local council allowed reconstruction work as a sign of goodwill. The temple is heritage-listed. • Bellevue, located in Blackwattle Park, was built in 1896 by Ambrose Thornley for prominent Glebe resident William Jarrett. It was later restored and turned into a café. Bellevue is heritage-listed. In 2004 it was sold and then returned to use as a private home. Lyndhurst is heritage-listed. • St John's Glebe, also known as St John's Bishopthorpe. Opened in 1870 it was designed by John Hunt and Glebe resident Edmund Blacket. The tower was added in 1909 by Blacket's son Cyril. • St John's Parish Hall Glebe. Built in 1870 and designed by Edward Halloran. There is a horse trough near Glebe Point Road. The hall was used as a hostel during World War II as part of the Church of England National Emergency Fund's efforts to offer hostel accommodation in Sydney for armed services personnel visiting from the surround military barracks. The hall had 30 beds. ==Population==

At the , 11,680 people were living in Glebe, compared to 11,532 people at the 2016 census. In 2021, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.3% of the population. Of people attending an educational institution, 13.5% were in primary school, 10.8% in secondary school and 44.5% in a tertiary or technical institution. 57.0% of people were born in Australia. The most common other countries of birth were England 4.4%, China 4.0%, New Zealand 2.7%, Vietnam 2.2% and United States 1.4%. 68.2% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 4.4%, Vietnamese 2.7%, Spanish 2.1%, Cantonese 1.7% and Greek 1.0%. The most common responses for religion were no religion 51.6% and Catholic 15.6%. Of occupied private dwellings in Glebe, 47.2% were semi-detached, 46.0% were flats or apartments and 5.0% were separate houses. 61.4% were rented, 19.4% were owned outright and 19.4% were owned with a mortgage. ==Culture==

Commercial areas, restaurants and cafés Glebe Point Road is the main road through the suburb, featuring a shopping strip, known for its specialty shops and cafés and for its variety of ethnic restaurants – Indian, Thai, Italian, Nepalese, Dutch-Indonesian, and other minority ethnic tastes. Broadway Shopping Centre was built on the landmark site of the former Grace Bros department store. The shopping centre includes a food court and cinema complex, and completed a renovation in July 2007 which added a fourth floor. Glebe has a popular market which is held on Saturdays in the grounds of Glebe Primary School. Arts, crafts, clothing and edibles are sold. They are known as the alternative markets for the alternative lifestyle goods that are offered. New and second-hand goods are sold there. Sport and recreation Wentworth Park, which features a greyhound racing track, is on the border with Ultimo. Glebe mini skateboarding ramp is located in Bicentennial Park off Chapman road, in between Glebe and Annandale. The mini was originally tall with a hump in the middle. Circa 2005 the original mini was removed and replaced with a traditional ramp, sans hump. Balmain South Sydney Cricket Club play at Jubilee Oval in Glebe. Glebe Dirty Reds compete in the Ron Massey Cup. ==Education==

Schools in the suburb include Glebe Public School (on Glebe Point Road), St James Catholic School (on Woolley Street), Forest Lodge Public School (Bridge Road) and St Scholastica's College (on Avenue Road). The Blackwattle Bay Campus of Sydney Secondary College sits on the site of the old Glebe High School. Tranby Aboriginal College is located in a heritage-listed house, Tranby, in Mansfield Street. ==Transport==

The Inner West Light Rail has two stations in the suburb, Glebe and Jubilee Park, with the journey from Glebe to Central railway station taking just under twenty minutes. Transit Systems route 431 runs from Martin Place via Elizabeth Street, Broadway and Glebe Point Road, terminating at Glebe Point. Route 433 runs from Railway Square, along Glebe Point Road and continuing to Balmain. Route 469 loops north along Glebe Point Road before running west towards Annandale, Lilyfield, and Leichhardt down Wigram Road, terminating at Leichhardt Marketplace Shopping Centre. Transdev John Holland route 370 runs from Glebe Point to Coogee via Newtown, Alexandria and the University of New South Wales. ==Houses==

19th century housing stock is largely intact, having undergone restoration as a result of gentrification. It is popular with city-workers and students due to its proximity to the Central Business District as well as University of Sydney, the University of Technology Sydney, and the University of Notre Dame Australia. Glebe is a popular destination for backpacker tourism due to the bars and cafes of Glebe Point Road and the aforementioned proximity to the city. Public Housing At its south-eastern end is the Glebe Estate, an area of Housing Commission properties, mainly consisting of low density affordable Victorian terrace houses (similar to the surrounding private houses), single cottages and small complexes, purchased by the government of Gough Whitlam as a massive urban renewal project to provide public housing for the needy. Some houses in the Glebe estate have been sold off to private real estate, including a high density tower block, and a large complex. This area has the third highest Aboriginal population in Sydney. ==Heritage listings==

, Glebe 1899. The large house behind is Venetia. '', pictured in 2009, the former home of Edmund Blacket. Glebe has a number of heritage-listed sites, including the following sites listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register: • 55–57 Leichhardt Street: Bellevue, Glebe • 160 Bridge Road: Reussdale • 281–285 Broadway: University Hall and Cottages • 61 Darghan Street: Lyndhurst, Glebe • 24 Ferry Road: Rothwell Lodge and Factory • 266 Glebe Point Road: Monteith, Glebe • 357 Glebe Point Road: Bidura • 53 Hereford Street: Hereford House • 13 Mansfield Street: Tranby, Glebe • Victoria Road: Sze Yup Temple • Wentworth Park, Jubilee Park, Johnstons Creek: Glebe and Wentworth Park railway viaducts • Metropolitan goods railway: Pyrmont and Glebe Railway Tunnels The following buildings are listed on other heritage registers: • St John's Anglican Church, Glebe Point Road • Glebe Court House, Talfourd Street • Glebe Police Station, Talfourd Street • Former Glebe Town Hall, St John's Road • Former Glebe Post Office, Glebe Point Road • Emslee, Mansfield Street • Margaretta Cottage, Leichhardt Street • Hartford, Glebe Point Road • War Memorial, Glebe Point Road == Notable residents ==

• Sir Edmund Barton (1849–1920), first Prime Minister of Australia (1901-1903), federationist and judge. • Sir John Sydney James Clancy (1895–1968), judge. • Toni Collette, actress, was raised in Glebe until age six. • Eva Cox, author, sociologist, activist. • Lucy Eatock (1874 – 1950), political activist, lived in Glebe. Her house was nominated for a blue plaque to celebrate her life here. • Tim Ferguson, comedian, musician, author. • Sir Norman Thomas Gilroy (1896–1942), Catholic cardinal. • Ross Gittins, economist, journalist, author. • Stan Grant, television presenter, journalist. • Bessie Guthrie (1905–1977), designer, publisher, feminist and campaigner for children's rights. • Tracey Holmes, journalist, sports broadcaster. • James Francis (Frank) Hurley (1889–1962), adventurer, photographer, and film maker. • Maynard, broadcaster, entertainer, event promoter. • Reg Mombassa, musician, artist, entrepreneur. • James Bradfield Moody, author, engineer, executive. • Ernest Ridding (1927–2001), well known locally as 'The Fridge Man', Ridding's community service was honoured by the Governor of New South Wales. • Patricia Easterbrook Roberts (1910–1987), floral designer. • Leigh Sales, television presenter, journalist, author. ==Gallery==

Image:Glebe Nags Head.JPG|The Nag's Head, St Johns Road File:Bicentennial Park and Glebe Point NSW.JPG|Bicentennial Park on Rozelle Bay Image:1 St Scholasticas3.jpg|St Scholastica's College, formerly Toxteth Park Image:1_Emslee_in_Mansfield_Street.jpg|Emslee, Mansfield Street Image:(1)Sze_Yup_Temple-1.jpg|Sze Yup Chinese Temple Image:Glebe Town Hall.JPG|Former Glebe Town Hall, St Johns Road ==References==