Emperor of Austria In 1804 Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II foresaw the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, so he sought to preserve his family's imperial status by creating the new title "Hereditary Emperor of Austria".
Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia The kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia were originally elective monarchies, but like many elective monarchies heredity was followed.
Ferdinand, the future Holy Roman Emperor, married
Anne of Bohemia and Hungary, the daughter of King
Vladislaus II (who held both kingdoms), and when Vladislaus' son died Ferdinand was elected in 1526. Eventually his descendants made the throne hereditary in Bohemia (1620) and Hungary (1687).
King of Dalmatia Kingdom of Dalmatia King of Croatia In 1102 the Croatian nobles
agreed to share the same King as Hungary. In 1527
Ferdinand I was elected king of
Croatia, and the title made hereditary.
King of Slavonia In the 1490s King
Vladislaus II of Hungary officially included
Slavonia into the royal title. In 1526 when Ferdinand I was elected king he inherited the title and passed it to his descendants.
King of Galicia and Lodomeria Galicia and Lodomeria was annexed by Austria in the
First Partition of Poland, creating a new kingdom for the Habsburgs. The title had been claimed by the Kings of Hungary in the Middle Ages.
King of Illyria With the re-annexation of the
Illyrian provinces in 1815 the Habsburgs created a new crown land, the
Kingdom of Illyria. Although abolished in 1848, the title was kept.
King of Jerusalem The
Kingdom of Jerusalem was abolished upon its conquest by the Egyptian
Mamluks in 1291 AD. The Habsburgs were one of many dynasties to claim the title. They inherited it through the
House of Lorraine. In the 18th century, the title was added by
Leopold I of Lorraine,
Francis I's father, in order to claim a royal title.
Archduke of Austria In 1282 King
Rudolf I of Germany enfeoffed his sons with the Duchies of
Austria and
Styria. His descendant
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor officially elevated it to an
archduchy in 1453, confirming
a 1356 forgery by Duke
Rudolf IV.
Grand Duke of Tuscany Following the
War of the Polish Succession, future Holy Roman Emperor Francis I was forced to exchange his native
Duchy of Lorraine for the
Grand Duchy of Tuscany. He later passed the grand duchy to a younger son, but the main branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine continued to use the title.
Grand Duke of Kraków The
Free City of Kraków was incorporated into the Austrian Empire in 1846 following the
Kraków Uprising, and transformed in a crown land under the name of the
Grand Duchy of Kraków. It was later incorporated into Galicia.
Duke of Lorraine The male line of the original House of Habsburg went extinct with
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. His daughter
Maria Theresa married the aforementioned Francis, Duke of Lorraine (later
Emperor Francis I), and their progeny became the
House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
Duke of Styria Rudolf I of Germany enfeoffed one of his sons as duke of Styria. The title passed down to the
Leopoldian line, which became the sole remaining branch of the House of Habsburg after the death of King
Ladislas the Posthumous, last descendant of the senior,
Albertinian line.
Duke of Carinthia In 1335 Otto, Duke of Austria was
enfeoffed as Duke of
Carinthia. The title passed down with the
Leopoldian line.
Duke of Carniola The
March of Carniola was part of the Habsburg domains since
Rudolf I of Germany, although it was leased to the
House of Gorizia until 1335. In 1364,
Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria elevated it to a
duchy. The title passed down the Leopoldian line. After the death of
Ferdinand I, the
Inner Austrian domains (Carniola, Styria and Carinthia) were passed down to a junior branch which in 1619 took possession of the main Austrian Habsburg lands.
Duke of Bukovina In 1775 the Habsburgs annexed the northernmost part of the
Principality of Moldavia and created the
Duchy of Bukovina out of it.
Grand Prince of Transylvania In the 16th century Transylvania was conquered by the Ottomans from Hungary and created as a
separate principality. In 1711 the Habsburgs reclaimed it and added the
Principality of Transylvania to their titles. In 1765 it was elevated to a Grand Principality.
Margrave of Moravia Moravia was a
Crown Land of Bohemia; thus when the Habsburgs became Kings of Bohemia they also acquired Moravia.
Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia Silesia was originally owned by the
Kingdom of Poland, but it was gradually broken up and acquired by Bohemia as a crown land. After losing most of historic Silesia to Prussia in the
Silesian Wars, the Habsburgs consolidated what remained into
Austrian Silesia.
Duke of Modena Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este, daughter of the last duke of the
House of Este, married
Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este, allowing this title to pass to the Habsburgs. It was subsequently lost to
Sardinia during the
unification of Italy.
Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor acquired the
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza after the
War of the Polish Succession, but his daughter Maria Theresa lost it after the
War of the Austrian Succession. The Habsburgs controlled the
Duchy of Guastalla between 1746-1748 following the death of
Giuseppe Maria Gonzaga, but it was then also lost in the same war.
Duke of Auschwitz and Zator Historically one of the
duchies of Silesia, it was acquired by the Polish kings in the 16th century and incorporated into the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Habsburgs acquired this title in the
First Partition of Poland.
Duke of Teschen The
Duchy of Teschen was one of the Silesian Duchies that were part of the Bohemian Crown Lands. It was granted to
Leopold, Duke of Lorraine as a compensation for
Mantua and
Montferrat. When Leopold's son Francis I married Maria Theresa of Austria, the title returned to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
Duke of Friaul This title was created by
Maximilian I during the
Italian wars in the early 16th century.
Friuli had been part of the Holy Roman Empire, but it was lost to the
Republic of Venice in 1420. The title was created in order to strengthen the Emperor's claim to the region, but the Habsburgs acquired Friuli only in 1797 with the
Treaty of Campo Formio, and then again after Napoleon's defeat. It was lost to Italy in 1866.
Duke of Ragusa Ragusa (modern-day
Dubrovnik) was a
maritime republic, which in the late Middle Ages recognized the suzerainty of the Hungarian kings. It was abolished by Napoleon in 1808 and incorporated to Austrian Dalmatia after his defeat, when the title was created.
Duke of Zara Zara (or
Zadar) is a city in Dalmatia, modern-day Croatia. In the Middle Ages, it was contested between the Kingdom of Hungary and the
Republic of Venice. It was considered an integral part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia by both parts, but the title was assumed by the Hungarian kings in order to assert their rights over the city. It became a Habsburg domain for the first time with the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, and then again in 1813 after Napoleon's defeat.
Princely Count of Habsburg Habsburg was the original seat of the House of Habsburg.
Princely Count of Tyrol Duke Rudolf IV of Austria acquired the
County of Tyrol in 1363.
Princely Count of Kyburg Rudolf I of Germany claimed the
County of Kyburg when its ruling dynasty went extinct. A brief period of rule by the city of Zürich became permanent from 1452 when it was used as collateral for a loan the Habsburgs never repaid; they continued to use the title despite no longer being in possession of the land.
Princely Count of Gorizia and Gradisca The Habsburgs acquired the
County of Gorizia (German ) in 1500. In 1647, the nearby town of
Gradisca and the surrounding area on the right bank of the
Isonzo river was elevated to an
immediate status and given to the
Eggenberg family as a principality. After their extinction in 1754, it was again merged with Gorizia as the
Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca.
Prince of Trent In the 1300s
Trent was annexed by Tyrol and thus was controlled by the Habsburgs.
Prince of Brixen In 1803 the
Prince-Bishopric of Brixen was secularized and annexed by the Habsburgs.
Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia Lusatia was a Crown Land of Bohemia, but was given to the
Electorate of Saxony in the
Peace of Prague (1635).
Margrave in Istria Central
Istria was acquired by the Habsburgs in the late 14th century. In 1466, they acquired the eastern parts, as well, and added their Istrian possessions to the Duchy of Carniola. With the annexation of Venetian Istria in 1797, the Habsburgs joined all their Istrian possessions into one unit and revived this title which had been
abandoned in the late 13th century.
Count of Hohenems When the male line of the original counts of
Hohenems died out in 1759 the county came under suzerainty of the House of Habsburg.
Count of Feldkirch When the last count of
Feldkirch Frederick VII died in 1436 the county passed back under the suzerainty of the House of Habsburg.
Count of Bregenz After 1451 the title of count of
Bregenz was held by the House of Habsburg and Bregenz was incorporated into the Duchy of Austria.
Count of Sonnenberg Sonnenberg was a partition of Waldburg and was annexed by the Archduchy of Austria in 1511.
Lord of Trieste By the
Treaty of Turin (1381), Venice renounced its claim to Trieste and the leading citizens of Trieste petitioned
Leopold III of Habsburg, Duke of Austria, to make Trieste part of his domains.
Lord of Cattaro After the
Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, it passed to the Habsburg Monarchy. However, in 1805, it was assigned to the French Empire's client state, the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy by the
Treaty of Pressburg, although in fact held by a Russian squadron under
Dmitry Senyavin. It was restored to the Habsburg monarchy by the Congress of Vienna.
Lord on the Windic March Since the 11th century, Carniola was known under the double name of Carniola and the Windic March. In 1282, a cadet branch of the
House of Gorizia was enfeoffed with part of the region, which became known as the County in Metlika and in the Windic March. In 1374, the county was acquired to the House of Habsburg who assumed the title of Lords of the Windic March.
Grand Voivode of the Voivodeship of Serbia The
Voivodeship was formed by a decision of the Austrian Emperor in November 1849, after the Revolutions of 1848/1849. It was formed in accordance with privilege given to Serbs by the Habsburg emperor in 1691, recognizing the right of Serbs to territorial autonomy within the Habsburg Monarchy.
Etc. Etc. Countless other kingdoms including Poland, Low Countries, Germany, Italy, Bulgaria, Cumania, etc. etc. ==Subsequent use==