Government and politics of Vancouver

The municipal government of Vancouver's structure is largely laid out in the Vancouver Charter. It consists of the Vancouver City Council, the Vancouver Park Board and the Vancouver School Board. The school board was created separately by the BC School Act but serves the municipality of Vancouver nonetheless. City council The Vancouver City Council consists of 10 city councillors and a mayor, who are each elected to four-year terms. The councillors are elected on an at-large basis, where individual voters pick a maximum of 10 among the pool of candidates to receive their vote. The mayor is elected separately on a first-past-the-post basis, with voters selecting one candidate among the pool to receive their vote. The city council is the main legislative body of Vancouver. It has the right to regulate businesses and land-use, collect property tax, approve spending for the city government, and create and maintain city services. The board is tasked with managing the public parks of Vancouver and organizing public events. The board manages and maintains 250 public parks and beaches. The board is charged by the BC School Act with maintaining and managing the public schools of Vancouver. ==History==

Larry Campbell's election as mayor in 2002 was in part due to his willingness to champion alternative interventions for drug issues, such as supervised injection sites. The city adopted a Four Pillars Drug Strategy, which combined harm reduction (e.g. needle exchanges, supervised injection sites) with treatment, enforcement, and prevention. The strategy was largely a response to the endemic HIV and hepatitis C among injection drug users in the city's Downtown Eastside neighbourhood. The area is characterized by entrenched poverty, and consequently is home to the "low track" street sex trade and a bustling "open air" street drug market, which gave rise to a significant AIDS epidemic in the 1990s. Some community and professional groups—such as From Grief to Action and Keeping the Door Open—are fostering public dialogue in the city about further alternatives to current drug policies. The harm reduction strategies have been successful, with the deactivation of the St. Paul's Hospital Ward 10C, on May 27, 2014, due to the near-elimination of AIDS cases in British Columbia. Campbell chose not to run for re-election, and was subsequently appointed to the Senate of Canada. In the 2005 municipal election, the city council swung back to the right after a term dominated by the left-wing Coalition of Progressive Electors (COPE). NPA mayoral candidate Sam Sullivan narrowly defeated Jim Green for the position of mayor in 2005 and was joined by five of his party's members on council. The centre-left Vision Vancouver brought four members to council, with the final seat going to COPE. The NPA also won six of nine school board seats and five of seven park board seats, while the remaining board seats were won by COPE. In the 2008 municipal election campaign, NPA incumbent mayor Sam Sullivan was ousted as mayoral candidate by the party in a close vote, which instated Peter Ladner as the new mayoral candidate for the NPA. Gregor Robertson, a former MLA for Vancouver-Fairview and head of Happy Planet, was the mayoral candidate for Vision Vancouver, the other main contender. Robertson defeated Ladner by a considerable margin, nearing 20,000 votes. The balance of power was significantly shifted to Vision Vancouver, which held seven of the 10 council seats. Of the remaining three, COPE received two and the NPA one. For park commissioner, four spots went to Vision Vancouver, one to the Green Party, one to COPE, and one to the NPA. For school trustee, there were four Vision Vancouver seats, three COPE seats, and two NPA seats. ==Municipal representation==

Mayor Ken Sim is currently the mayor of Vancouver, as of the 2022 municipal election. City council School board Park board 2018 election 2014 election 2011 election 2008 election 2004 plebiscite A proposal to change Vancouver's council elections to run on a ward basis (like most major Canadian cities) rather than its at-large system was rejected by the populace in a referendum on October 16, 2004. Only 22% of city residents cast a ballot in this referendum. 2002 election ==Provincial representation==

In the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Vancouver has eleven constituencies. In the 2017 provincial election, the BC Liberal Party won three seats and the BC New Democratic Party won eight seats. ==Federal representation==

In the House of Commons of Canada, Vancouver has seven constituencies. In the 2004 federal elections, the Liberal Party of Canada won four seats, while the New Democratic Party won one. In the 2006 federal elections, all the same MPs were re-elected, although David Emerson of Vancouver Kingsway later defected to the Conservative Party. In the subsequent 2008 federal elections, the Liberals won three seats, while the NDP picked up Vancouver Kingsway for a total of two seats. In the 2011 election, the NDP and Liberals both retained two seats each. The Conservatives won one seat, Vancouver South, their first win in the city since 1988. In the 2015 election, the number of ridings for Vancouver was increased to six, with the Liberals winning four and the NDP winning two. ==Notes==