William Adams Gunter The facility is named after William Adams Gunter (1871–1940), a long-time mayor of Montgomery Alabama. Mayor Gunter was an aviation advocate who championed aviation and was a major force behind the construction of the original
Montgomery Municipal Airport at this site in 1929. There were several efforts to have the airport officially named in his honor while he was still living. Although he successfully resisted these efforts, the site is still commonly referred to by residents as 'Gunter Field'.
World War II In 1940, the 'Plan for the Expansion of the
Air Corps Training Program' was published and indicated a need for a preliminary flying school in the Montgomery area. The Commandant of the
Air Corps Tactical School at
Maxwell Field, Colonel Walter Weaver, picked the Montgomery Municipal Airport and the surrounding area as the location for the flying school. This included a newly built, but as yet unoccupied state hospital for
tuberculosis patients. In June 1940, the
War Department approved the recommendation to lease the land. In August 1940 the first military personnel arrived and construction began. The hospital was used as a headquarters building and Colonel
Aubrey Hornsby was the project officer and later the first commanding officer. The Army leased the 187 acre municipal airport and purchased an additional 300 acres for the cantonment area. Complicated leasing agreements delayed construction and the Army facilities were not completed in time, so the first two classes, Class 41-A with 107 students and Class 41-B, trained at Maxwell Field on the other side of town. The first class to train at Gunter was 41-C which began instruction on 28 November 1940. In late 1940, Mayor Gunter died and, on the recommendation of Colonel Hornsby, the flying field was officially named "Gunter Field" in early 1941. By July 1941, construction of the field was largely complete. In addition to the main airfield, the following known sub-bases and auxiliaries were used: •
McLemore Auxiliary Field •
Elmore Auxiliary Field (now Wetumpka Municipal Airport) •
Mount Meigs Auxiliary Field •
Taylor Field •
Dannelly Auxiliary Field •
Deatsville Auxiliary Field In 1943, 3,500 foot long hard surfaced runways were added. Gunter was the first base established by the
Southeastern Training Center exclusively for Basic Flight Training. As such, it also trained instructors and other personnel for the other Basic Training bases opened in the Southeast that included
Cochran AAF in Macon, Georgia;
Bainbridge AB, Georgia;
Greenville AAF, Mississippi;
Shaw AAF in Sumter, South Carolina; and at Augusta, Georgia's civilian-run
Bush Field. Students would come to Basic Flight Training after completing Primary Training. In 1941, the Basic course was 10 weeks in length in which the student received 70 flying hours. After completion of the course, students would be chosen for advanced single or multi-engine training. During World War II, the field served as a flying school for not just Army pilots, but for
British (under the
Arnold Scheme),
French and
Canadians as well. By 1944, there were nearly four hundred aircraft assigned to Gunter Field. The primary aircraft used for Basic Training, by both the Army and the Navy, during most of the war was the fixed gear
Vultee BT-13 and
BT-15 Valiant. By later 1944, the BT-13s and 15s were worn out and they began to be replaced by the
North American AT-6 Texan. After World War II ended, flight training was transferred to
Spence AAF (
Georgia) and, other than some contingents of French and
Chinese flight students, aviation training ended at Gunter. By February 1946, Gunter's remaining aircraft were transferred to
Maxwell Army Air Base and the field went to "stand by" status. In January 1948 Gunter Field was redesignated
Gunter Air Force Base. In May 1950, the
Air University located its Extension Course Institute there. In October of that year, a branch of the School of Aviation Medicine was also established.
Air Defense Command In 1957 a
Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Data Center (DC-09) was established at Gunter AFB. The SAGE system was an early generation computer network linking Air Force (and later
FAA)
United States general surveillance radar stations into a centralized center for continental air defense, intended to provide early warning and response for a Soviet nuclear attack. It was initially under the
Montgomery Air Defense Sector (MoADS), established on 8 September 1957. MoADS was synonymous with 32nd NORAD Region, which encompassed an area from the Cuban landmass north to Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. MoADS was a blockhouse with 18 inch thick steel-reinforced concrete walls designed to withstand anything but a direct nuclear hit. There were 4 floors, with the bottom floor for inputs, the second floor for computer systems, and the fourth floor for operations. SAGE sites had twin AN/FSQ-7 computers that encompassed an area the size of a football field. These
IBM-built systems were tube-based with wire and washer memory banks. IBM also built in excellent diagnostics and redundancy, so the system should always be operational. The memory was 64K, with the incoming radar information storage was on magnetic drums and the maximum response overload before collapse was around 45 seconds. In the 1960s, MoADS also assisted in hosting
William Tell, a then-annual competition of
Air Defense Command (ADC), later
Aerospace Defense Command (ADC), and
Royal Canadian Air Force fighter-interceptor squadrons that was held at
Tyndall AFB, Florida. In the 1960s, this competition included live shoot-downs of Firebee aerial target drones launched from Tyndall AFB, and obsolescent
QB-47E Stratojet bombers and
BOMARC missiles launched from nearby
Eglin AFB, Florida. On 16 December 1960, the SAGE facility at Gunter controlled two
BOMARC-B missiles launched from
Eglin AFB and directed their interception of a
QB-47E Stratojet drone flying at 500 mph at 30,000 feet. William Tell also showcased various air defense development programs. One was the Mach 3+
YF-12 interceptor that later became the basis for the
SR-71 strategic reconnaissance aircraft. In the early 1960s, a YF-12 would launch from
Edwards AFB, California, climb to around 70,000 feet and intercept a drone over the Gulf of Mexico that was launched Eglin AFB, shoot it down, and then return to Edwards AFB. This was a spectacular show of advanced technology of that time. MoADS was inactivated on 1 April 1966 and redesignated as the 32d Air Division. DC-09 with its
AN/FSQ-7 computer remained under the 32d Air Division until it and the Air Division were inactivated on 31 December 1969 when technology advances allowed the Air Force to shut down many SAGE Data Centers.
Gunter Annex In 1971, nearly of Gunter were returned to the city of Montgomery. In that year the
Air Force Data Systems Design Center moved there and in 1972 the Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy came to Gunter. In early 1973, Gunter was redesignated an "Air Force Station". In 1976, Gunter received one of the early Arpanet drops which is the precursor to the internet as it is known today. The 1977 Arpanet Logic Map (illustrates the drop in the bottom center of the Picture. Major construction was undertaken in the 1980s and 1990s, thanks to the advocacy of Congressman
William Dickinson, and in 1988 Gunter was redesignated an "Air Force Base". The primary tenants were still the Extension Course Institute, the Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy and the Air Force Data Systems Design Center. In March 1992, Gunter was again redesignated, this time as
Maxwell Air Force Base, Gunter Annex, and now falls under the command of nearby
Maxwell Air Force Base.
Previous names • Army Air Corps Basic Flying School, Municipal Airport, Montgomery, Alabama, 27 August 1940 • Gunter Field, 10 February 1941 • Gunter Air Force Base, 13 January 1948 • Gunter Air Force Station, 1 February 1973 • Gunter Air Force Base, 1 July 1988 • Maxwell Air Force Base, Gunter Annex, 1 March 1992
Major commands to which assigned • Southeast Air Corps Training Center, 27 August 1940 • Air Corps Flying Training Command, 23 January 1942 : Re-designated: Army Air Forces Flying Training Command, 15 March 1942 • Army Air Forces Training Command, 31 July 1943 • Army Air Forces School, 15 December 1945 • Re-designated:
Air University, 12 Mar 1946 •
Air Training Command, 15 May 1978 : Re-designated:
Air Education and Training Command, 1 July 1993
Major ADCOM units assigned •
Montgomery Air Defense Sector, 8 September 1957 – 1 April 1966 : Redesignated:
32d Air Division, 1 April 1966 – 31 December 1969 •
Fourteenth Air Force, 1 April 1966 – 1 July 1968 ==Education==