Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea Certain bolete (
nonda) Only a few people with direct experience with the mushrooms remained alive. However, the
Chinese Daoist Ge Hong wrote in
Baopuzi (
The Master Who Embraces Simplicity) around 300CE that eating a certain wild mushroom raw would result in attainment of
transcendence immediately, suggesting that the mushrooms may have been known for thousands of years. The Yunnan mushrooms are said to become non-hallucinogenic with proper cooking (for at least 15 to 25minutes), which presumably destroys their active constituents, and are commonly consumed in well-cooked form as food in the province. The earliest report, published in 1991 by a Yunnan hospital, described 300cases of
xiaomei niuganjun poisonings, with effects starting 6 to 24hours after consumption, lasting days to months, and including both
open-eye and
closed-eye Lilliputian hallucinations of people and animals. A
case series of mushrooms identified as
xiaomei niuganjun causing
visual and
auditory hallucinations in two women was published in the
Chinese literature by a
Beijing hospital in 2014. The symptoms onset after 6 to 12hours, resulted in the women going to the
hospital after 12hours, and lasted for up to 5days. Her symptoms included
dizziness,
malaise, and
visual hallucinations. In the 2024 series, of 81patients, symptoms onset after 12 to 24hours, notably longer than other hallucinogenic mushrooms, were often accompanied by other symptoms such as
nausea (54%),
vomiting (44%),
fatigue (49%),
dizziness (36%),
diarrhea (15%), and
abdominal pain (7.4%), resolved within 1 to 5days in almost all cases (93%), and no deaths or abnormalities in
vitals or
blood tests were observed. Also in 2023, Domnauer and Dentinger published a
conference abstract in which they sampled and assessed 12 of the 13 currently accepted species of
Lanmaoa mushrooms towards investigations of the psychoactive Yunnan mushrooms.
Cordillera, Philippines In 2024, Colin Domnauer published that he had traveled not only to southern China but also to the northern
Philippines in his studies of hallucinogenic
Lanmaoa asiatica mushrooms. This was in
Sagada in the Philippine
Cordilleras, to investigate blue-staining boletes, known as "Sedesdem", that were said to be regularly eaten and would irregularly cause people to see the "Ansisit" or "little people" (i.e., also
Lilliputian hallucinations).
Other instances Other
Lanmaoa species closely related to
Lanmaoa asiatica, such as
Lanmaoa pallidorosea,
Lanmaoa carminipes, and
Lanmaoa flavorubra, exist in
North America. However, there are no reports of such species causing hallucinogenic effects in North America or
Europe or anywhere outside of China and Papua New Guinea. In any case, such mushrooms are also not commonly eaten in North America due to apparent stigma against consumption of blue-staining mushrooms in this part of the world, and so possible hallucinogenic effects of such mushrooms may have been missed. ==Constituents==