Helotiales

• Helotiales is distinguished by its disc or cup-shaped apothecia. • Its asci are only slightly thickened in contrast to other Leotiomycetes • Most Helotiales species live as saprobes on soil humus, dead logs, manure and other organic matter. • The order includes most fungi that engage in ericoid mycorrhiza, including Rhizoscyphus ericae, Meliniomyces species and Cairneyella variabilis. • The order contains some of the most severe plant pathogens such as Monilinia fructicola (brown rot on stone fruits), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lettuce drop and other diseases), D. rosae (black spot of roses), Sclerotium cepivorum (soft rot of onions) and Botrytis cinerea. ==Families==

• Amicodiscaceae • Arachnopezizaceae • Bryoglossaceae • Cenangiaceae • Chlorociboriaceae • Chlorospleniaceae • Chrysodiscaceae • Dermateaceae • Discinellaceae • Drepanopezizaceae • Erysiphaceae • Gelatinodiscaceae • Godroniaceae • Hamatocanthoscyphaceae • Helotiaceae • Heterosphaeriaceae • Hyaloscyphaceae • Hydrocinaceae • Lachnaceae • Loramycetaceae • Mitrulaceae • Mollisiaceae • Myxotrichaceae • Neolauriomycetaceae • Pleuroascaceae • Ploettnerulaceae • Rutstroemiaceae • Sclerotiniaceae • Solenopeziaceae • Tympanidaceae • Vibrisseaceae == Disputed or previously included families ==

• Amorphothecaceae - Kirk (2008) assigned to Helotiales, but reclassified under order Erysiphales. • Ascocorticiaceae - reclassified under order Medeolariales • Hemiphacidiaceae - Merged with Cenangiaceae in the 2010s. • Phacidiaceae (also known as Bulgariaceae) - reclassified under order Phacidiales • Vandijckellaceae - identified by Crous et al. (2017), not widely accepted. File:Chlorociboria-aeruginascens.jpg|Green elfcup or green wood cup Chlorociboria aeruginascens, family: Chlorociboriaceae (photo: Holger Krisp) File:Leeuwenhorstbos - Ascocoryne.jpg|Ascocoryne, family: Helotiaceae File:Mollisia benesuada (Tul.) W. Phillips 718024.jpg|Mollisia benesuada, family: Dermateaceae File:Bisporella citrina 59079.jpg|Bisporella citrina, family: Helotiaceae File:Arachnopeziza aurata 57007696.jpg|Arachnopeziza aurata, family: Hyaloscyphaceae File:Eichen-Stromabecher Rutstroemia firma.jpg|Brown oak disk cup Rutstroemia firma, family: Rutstroemiaceae (photo: Holger Krisp) File:Botrytis conidiophores 16X.png|The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis conidiophores, Magnification X16, family: Sclerotinaceae File:Vibrissea truncorum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr 335788.jpg|Vibrissea truncorum, family: Vibrisseaceae image source: Mushroom Observer == See also ==