Haplogroup O-M268

The authors of a study published in 2011 have suggested China as being the early birthplace of O1b. Other studies suggest a complex origin that is inconclusive because of rising seawater to the east of China (which may have been a walkable land mass). Despite such studies, descendants of O1b suggest two primary migration paths from Southeast China: • Korea & Japan • Southeast Asia This suggestion aims to draw an intersection to support the theory of both migration paths being in opposite spectrums geographically in East Asia. There has also been recent suggestions that Korea plays a major role in the origin of O1b. == Distribution ==

O1b is distributed with varying frequencies among these populations: • Japanese • Koreans • Chinese • Southeast Asians As of right now, it is inconclusive as to what frequency pertains to each population due to lack of accurate data. Specific descendants (subclades) of O1b can be found at YFULL and ISOGG. The two primary descendants are: • O1b1 • O1b2 == Phylogenetics ==

Phylogenetic History Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures. Original Research Publications The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree. Phylogenetic Trees This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup O subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research. • O-P31 (P31, M268) • O-K18 • O-CTS4040 Mainly found in Han Chinese and occasionally found in Chinese (Dai), Manchu, Thailand (Phuan, Tai Yuan, Thai), Vietnam, the Philippines, West Kalimantan, Qatar, Hazara, Japan, Korea; accounts for approximately 3.20% of all Y-DNA in present-day China • O-MF56251 Found in Thailand (Central Thai, Tai Yuan, Phuan), Vietnam (Nùng, Tày), and southern China (Yao, Zhuang, and Han in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Sichuan, and Jiangsu) • O-Page59 Found in approximately 3.10% of all males in present-day China, with some presence also in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other countries • O-CTS9996 Found in approximately 0.37% of all males in present-day China • O-Z24309 • O-F417 • O-CTS1451 Found in approximately 0.15% of all males in present-day China • O-F840 Found in approximately 0.40% of all males in present-day China • O-F4070 Found in approximately 2.20% of all males in present-day China • O-MF106398 • O-F993 • O-MF107014 • O-MF61620 • O-F1759 • O-MF106881 • O-CTS4936 • O-F3346 • O-MF17816 • O-F2064 • O-F3314 • O-Z24380 • O-F3323 Found in approximately 2.00% of all males in present-day China, with especially dense distribution in Taiwan, Shandong, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Jiangsu • O-PK4 • O-F838 Found in Han Chinese and in a specimen from medieval South Kazakhstan ascribed to the Turks; probably also present in Thailand (Kaleun, Phuan, Thai), Hanoi, and Xinlong County • O-M95 (M95) • O-CTS350 • O-CTS350* Found in Japan • O-CTS10007 Found in Han Chinese in Hunan • O-M1310 • O-F1252 • O-SK1630/F5504 China (Shaanxi), Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and India • O-P49 (M176, SRY465, P49, 022454) Japan, Japan (Fukushima) and with lower frequency in Japan and China • O-L682* Shanxi • O-MF14220 South Korea • O-Y26376/CTS7620 Japan, South Korea • O-MF14346 South Korea • O-Y26377 • O-Y26377* Japan (Okayama), Hezhen • O-CTS1175 Japan (Kochi, Tokyo) == See also ==