This haplogroup appears in high to moderate frequencies in most populations in both
East Asia and
Southeast Asia, and it is almost exclusive to that region. It is almost nonexistent in Western
Siberia,
Western Asia,
Europe, most of
Africa, India and the
Americas, where its presence may be the result of recent migrations. However, certain O subclades do achieve significant frequencies among some populations of
Central Asia,
South Asia, and
Oceania. For example, one study found it at a rate of 67% among the
Naimans, a tribe in Kazakhstan, (It is notable that 75% of cases of haplogroup O-M175 observed in the Kazakh sample of Ashirbekov
et al. 2017, of which 10.8% have been found to belong to haplogroup O-M175, have been contributed by the Naimans themselves; only 3.1% of the remainder of the Kazakh sample with the Naimans excluded belong to haplogroup O-M175.) Karafet
et al. (2015) have assigned the Y-DNA of 46.2% (12/26) of a sample of
Papuan from
Pantar Island to
haplogroup NO-M214; considering their location in the Southeast Archipelago, all or most of these individuals should belong to haplogroup O-M175. An association with the spread of
Austronesian languages in late antiquity is suggested by significant levels of O-M175 among island populations of the
South Pacific and
Indian Ocean, including the
East African littoral. For example,
Haplogroup O-M50 has even been found in
Bantu-speaking populations of the Comoros along 6% of
O-MSY2.2(xM50), while both O-M50 and
O-M95(xM88) occur commonly among the
Malagasy people of
Madagascar with a combined frequency of 34%. O-M175 has been found in 28.1% of
Solomon Islanders from Melanesia. 12% of
Uyghurs , 6.8% of
Kalmyks (17.1% of
Khoshuud, 6.1% of
Dörwöd, 3.3% of
Torguud, 0% of
Buzawa), 6.2% of
Altaians , 4.1% of
Uzbeks on average but Uzbeks from
Bukhara 12.1%,
Karakalpaks (Uzbekistan) 11.4%, Sinte (Uzbekistans) 6.7% and 4.0% of
Buryats. In the Caucasus region it has been found in the
Nogais 6% but 5.3% in the Karan Nogais, it is also found in the
Dargins of
Dargwa speakers at 2.9%. In the Iranic population, it is found in
Iranian (Esfahan) at 6.3% (), 8.9% of Tajiks in Afghanistan 4.2% in the
Pathans in Pakistan () but 1% in Afghanistan, 3.1% in
Burusho (). Haplogroup O-M175 ranges in various moderate to high frequencies in the ethnic minorities of South Africa. The frequency of this haplogroup is 6.14% in the
Cape colored population, 18% in Cape Coloured Muslim, 38% in Cape Indian Muslims and 10% in Cape Other Muslims. Haplogroup O-M175 had also been found in
Latin America and
Caribbean as a result of massive Chinese male migration from the 19th century. It was found in the
Jamaicans at 3.8%, and in
Cubans, 1.5%. Haplogroup O-M175 has been found in 88.7% of Asian American. 1.6% in Hispanic American, White Americans 0.5%, and 0.3% in African American. Another study gives 0.5% African American. Among the sub-branches of haplogroup O-M175 are
O-M119(O1a),
O-M268(O1b), and
O-M122(O2). Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of
Jadoon's males, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of Han Chinese. 82.5% of Jadoon men carrying Q-MEH2 and O3-M122 which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the
Sayyid (Syed) population and appeared in low numbers among
Tanolis,
Gujars and
Yousafzais. There appears to be founder affect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon. 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gujars and 2.82% of Yousafzais carry O3-M122.
Russians in China East Asian haplogroup O made up 58% of their Y haplogroup. O3-M122 specifically made up 47% of the Russian sample. The East Asian Y haplogroup O3-M122 was found in 47% of Russian males in China. In another test the East Asian paternal Y Haplogroup O made up 58% of Russian males samples in China. Haplogroup O was found in 1%-1.2% of Persians in one sample. O3-M122 is the commonly shared genetic signature of Sino-Tibetan speaking ethnicities.
O-M175* A broad survey of Y-chromosome variation among populations of central Eurasia found haplogroup O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) in 31% (14/45) of a sample of
Koreans and in smaller percentages of
Crimean Tatars (1/22 = 4.5%),
Tajiks (1/16 = 6.25% Dushanbe, 1/40 = 2.5% Samarkand),
Uyghurs (2/41 = 4.9%),
Uzbeks (1/68 = 1.5%
Surxondaryo, 1/70 = 1.4%
Xorazm), and
Kazakhs (1/54 = 1.9%) . However, nearly all of the purported Korean O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) Y-chromosomes may belong to
Haplogroup O-M176, and later studies do not support the finding of O-M175* among similar population samples (, ). The reported examples of O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) Y-chromosomes that have been found among these populations might therefore belong to
Haplogroup O-M268*(xM95,M176) or Haplogroup O-M176 (O1b2). A study published in 2013 found O-M175(xM119, M95, M176, M122) Y-DNA in 5.5% (1/18) Iranians from
Teheran, 5.4% (2/37) Tajiks from
Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, and 1/97
Mongols from northwest Mongolia, while finding O-M176 only in 1/20 Mongols from northeast Mongolia.
O-F265 (O1) O1a-M119 and O1b-M268 share a common ancestor, O1-F265 (a.k.a. O-F75) approximately 33,181 (95% CI 24,461 to 36,879) YBP. O1-F265, in turn, coalesces to a common ancestor with O2-M122 approximately 33,943 (95% CI 25,124 to 37,631) YBP.'' •
O-CTS4040 •
O-MF56251 Observed sporadically in China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Yuan, •
O-MF107014 Observed sporadically in China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Heilongjiang Hanhi, (and esp. in Hunan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou •
O-CTS2452 Guangxi, Hunan •
O-F15640/F11242 Fujian, Singapore, Spain (Burgos) Palaung, Yi, •
O-MF600645 Gansu (Hui, •
O-F2924 •
O-CTS5854 •
O-Z23810 •
O-CTS7399 •
O-Y85641 Japan (Tokyo Nùng, Northeastern Thai, Yi, Jingpo, Japan, •
O-F1095 •
O-F1095* Fujian (Han)), Taiwan, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore), Saudi Arabia (al-Qaṣīm) •
O-Z35182 •
O-Z35182* China (Han)) •
O-MF238642 •
O-MF37094 ''China (Zhejiang,), Kazakhstan, and modern
Hmong–Mien,
Katuic, and
Bahnaric peoples, with a moderate distribution among
Han Chinese ,
Buyei ,
Bai ,
Mosuo ,
Tibetans ,
Qiang ,
Oroqen ,
Tujia ,
Thai ,
Orang Asli , western
Indonesians ( and ),
Malaysians ,
Vietnamese , and
Atayal . •
O-MF106687 China (Jinghu District,), Thailand (Central Thai in Central Thailand also observed in individuals from Zhenjiang,) •
O-F1275 Guangxi (Dushan 4-1 ca.
7024 - 6643 BCE) •
O-F14832/O-F15788/O-Y208219 China), Thailand also found in Fujian (Black Hmong in North Thailand) •
O-F1100/O-Y37861 Hunan) •
O-FGC71370 •
O-MF193618 ''Sichuan, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian (currently accounts for about 0.08% of the male population in China, mainly distributed in Guangdong, Hunan, Anhui and other provinces and cities), Philippines),
She, •
O-P164 •
O-F996/F3237 •
O-A16433 Heilongjiang Hunan (Tujia, HGDP01102) •
O-A16609 •
O-MF1232 Henan, •
O-F14665 Xishuangbanna (Dai), Naxi •
O-Y7080 •
O-Y7080* Xishuangbanna (Dai), Guangdong •
O-ACT1169 Guangdong, Fujian •
O-Z26030 •
O-Z26030* Guangxi •
O-F14479 Guangdong, Xishuangbanna (Dai), Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh) O-M324 (O2a) O-F742 (O2b) ==Language families and genes==