Ernst Brandi

Ernst Brandi was educated in Osnabrück and Berlin. In 1895 he was a mining trainee at the Zeche Coal Mines and Hansa Coal Mines, after which he studied at the Universities of Freiburg and Berlin. In 1900 he passed the first State Exam to become a Mining Official. In 1904, after taking the required second State Exam, he qualified for the position of Mine Assessor. Shortly thereafter, he worked in the East Halle mining district, before he became the Technical Mine Expert for the Emscher River (Mining) Cooperative on October 1, 1904. At the suggestion of Emil Kirdorf, he moved on October 1, 1907 to the Gelsenkirchen Mine AG (GBAG) where he was until 1910 the Area Director of the Hansa Mines, which included the Minister Stein Mine and the Count Hardenburg Mine. In 1911 he became a deputy member of the Board of the GBAG; then in 1914 he was made a full member of the Board. Still later in 1914 he participated in the First World War. Initially a Lieutenant, he later he became an Infantry Captain. After the war, in 1918, he returned as Director of the United Stein, Hardenburg, and Hansa Coal Mines. In 1926, the GBAG became part of the newly founded United Steel Works AG (VSt). Brandi became a member of the Board of Directors of the VSt and took over the leadership of the Dortmund Group. In 1933, the year the Nazis took power in Germany, the VSt was restructured and the GBAG was reinstituted. Brandi held on to the leadership of the 13 mine shafts belonging to the GBAG. He was a strong advocate for the modernization of mining. Since October 1, 1927, he had been the Chairman of the Bergbauverein (Upper Mining Office District of Dortmund) and the Zechenverband (Coal Mine Society). Also, since 1927, he was a member of the Presidium and the Board of Directors of the Technical Group of the Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie (Rdi) (Reich Association of German Industry). == Politics ==

In 1922, Ernst Brandi, already a member of the National/Liberal German People's Party, became Chairman of the Westphalian Industry Club. In historical writings, Brandi is considered to be among the few entrepreneurs at the highest level of the German economic world who early on felt sympathy for the Hitler Movement. However, as someone who had one foot in the traditional Conservative camp and the other in the National Socialist (Nazi) camp, he always tried to bring together the national, conservative, middle class rightists with the revolutionary rightists, including the Nazis. Before the seizure of power in the Essen District (Gau Essen), he contributed at least 20,000 Reichsmarks and occasionally more to the Nazis. For example, he gave money for paramilitary armaments for the SA. Ever since he was a student, he studied scientific racism as a hobby. In September, 1931, together with Albert Vögler, he met Adolf Hitler for the first time in the Kaiserhof Hotel in Berlin. Brandi was very impressed by Hitler. A few weeks later, he was the only major industrialist to participate in the Harzburg Front, where National Socialists (Nazis), The German People's Party (DVP), and The Stahlhelm (Steel Helmet) founded a short-lived movement which they called a "National Opposition." At the same time, he demanded that the chairman of the DVP, Eduard Dingeldey, stop supporting the conservative Reichskanzler Heinrich Brüning of the Catholic Center Party and at the same time join the "National Opposition." As this was unsuccessful, Brandi left the DVP. In a letter from 1931, in view of the Great Depression, he expressed his total contempt for democracy, which at this time of the Presidential system in the Weimar Republic in Germany barely existed anymore. His contempt for democracy was behind his turn away from political liberalism: After a conversation with von Papen, which took place on August 16, 1932, near Babelsberg, Brandi changed sides again and now also supported the incumbent Reich government. He did not sign the Industrialists’ Petition, in which several National Socialist agrarians, industrialists, and bankers called on Reich President Paul von Hindenburg in November 1932 to appoint Hitler as Reich Chancellor. After Potsdam Day, in 1933 the National Socialists dissolved the Zechenverband as part of their destruction of the trade unions and the abolition of collective bargaining autonomy. The Bergbauverein remained in existence as a technical/scientific association. In a letter dated February 6, 1933 to the editor-in-chief of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, Brandi portrayed his past in such a way that he claimed he had always been positively inclined toward National Socialism. He wrote: Similarly, he also participated in Hitler's secret meeting with important German industrialists on February 20, 1933. In October, 1934, Brandi, in response to a request from the treasurer of the Gau Westphalia-South, wrote to Gauleiter Josef Wagner a summary of financial contributions from private industry to the Nazi Party since February 1, 1932: On December 22, 1934, Brandi became head of the Ruhr District Group of the Fachgruppe Steinkohlenbergbau (Technical Group for Bituminous Coal Mining). He was also active in numerous committees, such as the Social-Economic Committee of the Reichsgruppe Industrie, the advisory board of the Wirtschaftsgruppe Bergbau (Mining Economy Group), various joint organizations of the Ruhr mining industry, and on the board of the Verein deutscher Eisenhüttenleute (Association of German Iron and Steel Industrialists). In April, 1937, Brandi requested release from the leadership of the Ruhr District Group from Reich Economics Minister Hjalmar Schacht due to work overload. On the evening of October 14, 1937, he suddenly collapsed at work and was admitted to the hospital in Dortmund, where he died on October 22, 1937. Numerous prominent figures from the Ruhr industrial sector, including Gustav Knepper, Albert Vögler, Fritz Thyssen, and Heinrich Wisselmann, attended the funeral ceremonies at the group administration and at the main cemetery. ==Family==

His parents were the education reformer Hermann Theodor Brandi (1837–1914) and Antonie Brandi, née Russell (1843–1925). Ernst Brandi had two older brothers, Karl (1868–1946) and Paul (1870–1960). In 1904, he married Clara Jucho (1882–1947), daughter of Caspar Heinrich Jucho,[1] and the couple had six children: Fritz Heinrich (1905–1978), Toni Johanna (born 1907), the later Thyssen manager Hermann Theodor (1908–1973), Hedwig (born 1910), Klara (born 1912), and Albrecht (1914–1966). == Honors ==

• Dr.-Ing. E. h. der Bergakademie Clausthal (1927) == Literature ==

• Werner Abelshauser: Ruhrkohle und Politik, Ernst Brandi 1875–1937. Essen 2009. • • Karin Jaspers / Wilfried Reinighaus: Westfälisch-lippische Kandidaten der Januarwahlen 1919. Eine biographische Dokumentation, Münster: Aschendorff 2020 (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen – Neue Folge; 52), ISBN 978-3-402-15136-5, S. 43. • Karl Lauschke: Ernst Brandi. Gedanken eines Dortmunder Unternehmers zum Krieg. • • • Robert Volz: Reichshandbuch der deutschen Gesellschaft. Das Handbuch der Persönlichkeiten in Wor31u35 Bild. Band 1: A–K. Deutscher Wirtschaftsverlag, Berlin 1930. == Web Links ==

• Kurzbiografie beim Bundesarchiv References Bibliography • • ==External links==