At the age of fifteen, he became
archbishop of Reims. According to
Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, he had a well known affair with the actress
Marguerite Béguin during this time. The death of his eldest brother Francis in 1639 placed him in the dukedom the following year. He opposed
Richelieu, and conspired with the
count of Soissons, fighting in the
Battle of La Marfée in 1641. For this, he was condemned to death, but fled to
Brussels in 1641. His property was seized by the king in 1641, for crime of
lèse-majesté. Reprieved, he returned in 1643 and his confiscated property was returned to him. Hoping to make good his family's ancient pretensions to the
Kingdom of Naples, he joined the revolt of
Masaniello in 1647. The "
Royal Republic of Naples" was declared, appealing to the protection of France and nominally headed by Guise (entitled
doge in imitation of
Venice). However, the tactless Guise rapidly alienated the Neapolitans, and wielded little influence with
Cardinal Mazarin. He was captured by the Spaniards in 1648 when the republic fell, and held by them until 1652. He made a second attack on
Naples in 1654, but it ended in failure, partly because of the presence of an English fleet under
Robert Blake in support of the Spanish. Afterwards, he settled in Paris, becoming
Grand Chamberlain of France to
Louis XIV and going deeply into debt because of his expenditures for horses and entertainments. He was the patron of
Pierre Corneille, to whom he gave a lodging in the Hôtel de Guise. Over the years two women laid claim to being his wife. The first was
Anna Gonzaga later known as the "Princess Palatine," who in 1639 appears to have been duped into believing that a clandestine marriage ceremony was genuine. The second was a widow of Albert Maximilien de
Hénin-Liétard (1617-1640), Honorée de
Berghes, Countess of Bossut (1617-1679), who claimed to have married him in Brussels on November 11, 1641. In March 1666 the
Sacra Rota declared the marriage valid; but the King (and the
House of Guise) refused to recognize the decision, thereby preventing Mme de Bossut from receiving any of the late Duke's vast fortune. Anna Gonzaga described Duke Henri's "good and bad qualities" as follows: Monsieur Guise had the figure, the air and the manners of a hero in a novel, and his entire life bore the mark this character. Magnificence reigned in his entire person and in everything that surrounded him; his conversation was especially charming: everything he said, everything he did, proclaimed that he was an extraordinary man. Ambition and love dominated his projects, which were so vast that they were Homeric; but with such an illustrious name, heroic valor, and a bit of good fortune, nothing exceeded his hopes. He had a gift for making himself loved by all those he wanted to please, which seemed to be the lot of the princes of the House of Lorraine. He was flighty in his attachments, inconstant in his projects, hasty in carrying things out. He died in Paris on 2 June 1664 and was succeeded by his nephew
Louis Joseph de Lorraine. ==Notes==