Indian Himalayan Region

Trans-Himalaya ranges in India include the Karakoram, Zanskar and Ladakh ranges that run through Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh. At the eastern end, some portion of the Kangri Karpo (a trans-Himalayan range) forms part of the northern boundary of Arunachal Pradesh with Tibet. Karakoram Range The Karakoram is a giant range, which geographically divides India and Central Asia. The range consists of high mountain peaks like K2, Rimo and Teram Kargri. The Korakoram Pass acts as the main connector between the markets of Yarkand, Leh and Kashgar. Ladakh Range To the north of the Leh lies the Ladakh Range which is an important part of the Trans-Himalayan range that merges with the Kailash Range in Tibet. Here, the important passes are the famous Khardung La, and Digar La, which lie to the northeast of Leh. Zanskar Range The Zanskar Range lies to the north of the main Himalaya. It acts as a backbone of Ladakh south of the Indus River, extending from the Karcha (Suru) River near Kargil in the northwest to Tso Kar in the southeast. The range separates Indus Valley from the Zanskar Valley. It is divided from the main Himalaya by the Stod, Tsarap and Zanskar valleys. Some of the main passes are the Fatu La, on the Leh-Srinagar road, while the main trekking passes into the Zanskar valley are Singge La, the Cha Cha La and the Rubrang La. ==Middle Himalaya==

Pir Panjal Range To the south of the main Himalayas lies the lesser Himalayan Pir Panjal Range, with an average height of , in Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. The Kashmir valley is bounded by this range to its west and south. The resort town of Gulmarg is located on the northern slope of the range. Important passes include the Banihal pass, the Pir Panjal pass, the Sinthan pass and the Rohtang pass. Dhauladhar Range To the south of the Pir Panjal lies the Dhauladhar range. It lies to the north of the Kangra valley, from where it appears to rise almost vertical. It forms the water divide between the Ravi and Beas rivers. In the west it divides the Chenab valley and the Tawi Valley. It is located mostly in Himachal Pradesh. ==Sivalik Hills==

The southern most range of the Himalayas are the Sivaliks. Sivaliks extend over a width of 10–50 km, and have an altitude varying between 900 m and 1100 m. These ranges are called by different names in different regions: • Jammu Hills in Jammu region • Mishmi Hills in Arunachal Pradesh These parts consist of thick gravel and alluvium. The valley lying between the Lesser Himalayas and Shivalik ranges are called as Duns. Dehradun, Kalka Dun, Kiyarda Dun and Jammu Dun are some of the prominent Duns. It is the southern most region of the Himalayas. == See also ==