Most (city)

Most consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): • Most (58,591) • Čepirohy (462) • Komořany (4) • Rudolice (234) • Souš (543) • Starý Most (45) • Velebudice (227) • Vtelno (840) ==Etymology==

The name Most means 'bridge' in Czech. It first appeared as translation of the German name "Brüx" (derived from the German word for 'bridge', Brücke). The city was named after the system of bridges that crossed the swamps in this area in the 10th century. ==Geography==

Most is located about southwest of Ústí nad Labem and northwest of Prague. It lies on the border between the Most Basin and Central Bohemian Uplands. The highest point is the hill Ressl at above sea level. The Bílina River flows through the city. There are several artificial lakes created during land rehabilitation after coal mining. The largest of them is Most Lake, created in 2008–2012. With an area of , it is the second largest artificial lake in the country. It is mainly used for sports and recreation. The second notable lake in the centre of Most is Matylda Lake, also used for sports and recreation. It was infused in 1992 and has an area of . ==History==

11th–15th centuries The first written mention of Most is from 1040, when it was mentioned in Latin Chronica Boemorum as Gnevin Pons ("Hněvín Bridge"). From the end of the 12th century, the Hrabišic dynasty began to colonize the territory and established here a stronghold. Most was originally a market village at the crossroads of old trade routes. After 1210, the village was moved to the other bank of the river Bílina. In 1227 Kojata, the last Hrabišic, passed his property to the Zderaz Monastery, but King Wenceslaus I used the right of escheat and took Most from the monastery. Hněvín Castle was built on the site of the old stronghold in 1238–1248. After 1240, Most acquired the character of a town. It was first referred to as a town in 1247. In the mid-13th century, it was promoted to a royal city. King Ottokar II granted the city further privileges in 1273. The city developed rapidly and benefited from its advantageous location near the kingdom's borders and on an important road. Most was affected by the Silesian Wars when the city had to pay war contributions. After the city's economic conditions were consolidated in the second half of the 18th century, Most was affected by the passage of Napoleon's army at the beginning of the 19th century. In the first half of the 19th century, the medieval wall were demolished. In 1820, Most was hit by another big fire. Most was repeatedly bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. The Germans also operated a Gestapo prison in the city. After the war, Most was restored to Czechoslovakia. The German population was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and the city was resettled by Czechs. The Ležáky coal mine in the place of the historic Most was closed in 1999. Most Lake was created in that location, by filling the former coal mine by water from the Ohře River. It was opened to the public in 2020. ==Demographics==

Most has a significant Romani people community, concentrated especially in the Chanov housing estate. {{historical populations ==Economy==

Most lies on the edge of the Most Basin and is an important lignite-mining region. Since the discovery of huge reserves of coal, the city has been shaped by mining. It caused an influx of residents and the development of other industries, but it also caused the destruction of historic parts of the city. In addition to mining, heavy industry and chemistry were developed in Most, but in the 21st century they are replaced by services in the composition of the city's economy. The mining segment operates not only in the form of coal mining, but also in the framework of extensive land rehabilitation. The cultivation of wine and fruit was also restored. The recultivation of the landscape in the vicinity of Most is unique and appreciated as an effective and sensitive revitalization of the landscape, which is a model for further recultivations. The ouskirts of Most have become attractive for tourism. ==Transport==

Most is located on the railway lines Prague–Cheb, Kadaň–Děčín and Rakovník–Osek. In addition to the main railway station, the Most-Kopisty and Třebušice stops are also located in the municipal territory. The city operates a transport company together with the neighbouring town of Litvínov. In addition to buses, there is also the Most–Litvínov tramway network. ==Culture==

The construction of the Repre House of Culture (originally called "Regional House of Culture of Miners and Energy Workers") started in 1972, but was not completed until 2 June 1984. The building includes a planetarium located on the roof sphere, a cinema and numerous rooms and halls. The city sold the building to the private sector in 2010 and has been subject to numerous replacement and refurbishment proposals. The new theatre was planned for the new city centre from the late 1960s, but construction did not commence until 1979 and was opened on 7 November 1985. Designed by Ivo Klimeš following his completion winning design in 1969, it features a 500 seat auditorium and was called Divadlo Pracujících ("Theatre of the Working People") until 1990. ==Education==

Three universities have detached workplaces in Most: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, and University of Finance and Administration. ==Sport==

The local football club FK Baník Most 1909 existed for more than 100 years and used to play in the top tier of Czech football, but it was disestablished in 2016. The city is now represented by FK Baník Most-Souš, playing in the 3rd tier of Czech football. Most Hippodrome is located in the Velebudice part of Most. The city hosts eight horse racing days per year, and is thus one of the leading horse racing locations in the region. The area with the race track was created during the reclamation of the landscape and is also used for other sports and cultural events. Most is known for Autodrom Most, a race track for motorsport opened in 1983. Aquadrom Most is a water park located in the centre of Most. ==Sights==

Hněvín Castle belongs to the main landmarks of the city. After the original castle was demolished in 1651–1653, the current romantic castle was built as a copy of it. Its main part is a stone lookout tower, built in 1900. The most important monument is the Gothic Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. It was built in 1517–1602, after the old city church was destroyed by a huge fire in 1515. The church became famous when it was moved away to the newly constructed town in 1975, due to the demolition of the historic centre of the old town. The move took 28 days to complete with an average speed of per minute. The Czechoslovak government took pride in the relocation of this religious structure, and the building was mentioned in the Golden Guinness Book Of World Records as the heaviest building ever moved on wheels. The oldest preserved building in Most is the Church of the Holy Spirit. It was probably built in the 1320s and first documented in 1351. The church is small, but it is very valuable due to its preservation and pure Gothic style. After the move of the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the churches found themselves next to each other. Today the Church of the Holy Spirit has been desecrated and exhibitions and classical music concerts take place in its premises. In Vtelno is the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. It was built in the Baroque style in 1736–1738. Among the other monuments are the building of the Regional Museum in Most, Neorenaissance fountain, plague column with the sculptural group of St. Anne, set of Stations of the Cross, and Jewish cemetery in Souš. ==In popular culture==

Most was nationwide popularized by successful TV series Most! (2018). It used to be a popular location for filming foreign war films, particularly as period buildings could be realistically exploded for the cameras. Several films were shot here, including The Bridge at Remagen (1969), Slaughterhouse-Five (1972), All Quiet on the Western Front (1979) and Battle of Moscow (1985), and Czech films The Joke (1969), Something Like Happiness (2005), Dolls (2007) and ROMing (2007). ==Notable people==

• Hans Dernschwam (1494–), humanist, traveller and chronicler • Andreas Hammerschmidt (–1675), composer • Florian Leopold Gassmann (1729–1774), composer • Václav Jansa (1859–1913), painter and illustrator • Rudolf Ritter (1878–1966), tenor • Wenzel Hablik (1881–1934), painter and architect • Raoul Schránil (1910–1998), actor • Heini Halberstam (1926–2014), mathematician • Judita Čeřovská (1929–2001), singer • Josef Masopust (1931–2015), football player and coach • Olga Fikotová (1932–2024), Czech-American discus thrower, Olympic winner • Jan Mühlstein (born 1949), politician • Pavel Chaloupka (born 1959), football player • Vladimír Růžička (born 1963), ice hockey player • Libor Pimek (born 1963), tennis player • Petr Svoboda (born 1966), ice hockey player • Bedrich Benes (born 1967), computer scientist • Martin Ručinský (born 1971), ice hockey player • Jan Vopat (born 1973), ice hockey player • Dragan J. Vučićević (born 1973), Serbian journalist • Petr Franěk (born 1975), ice hockey player • Vlastimil Kroupa (born 1975), ice hockey player • Petr Johana (born 1976), football player • Marek Židlický (born 1977), ice hockey player • Pavel Rosa (born 1977), ice hockey player • Kamil Piroš (born 1978), ice hockey player • Tomáš Divíšek (born 1979), ice hockey player • Markéta Jánská (born 1981), model • Tomáš Kůrka (born 1981), ice hockey player • Iveta Benešová (born 1983), tennis player • Lukáš Kašpar (born 1985), ice hockey player ==Twin towns – sister cities==

Most is twinned with: • Marienberg, Germany • Meppel, Netherlands • Pezinok, Slovakia • Veszprém, Hungary ==Gallery==

Most, straatzicht Budovatelů bij winkelcentrum Central IMG 7865 2018-08-12 17.53.jpg|Budovatelů Street Most, 1. náměstí, kašna a divadlo.jpg|Fountain and city theatre Most, 1. náměstí, morový sloup a magistrát.jpg|Plague column and city hall Most, planetarium Most IMG 7848 2018-08-12 17.29.jpg|Most planetarium Most, standbeeld Tomáš Masaryk IMG 7880 2018-08-12 20.06.jpg|Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk statue ==References==