The award was first presented in 1958, and with the exceptions of 1964 and 1966 was given annually through 2002 when it was retired in favor of the newly created Dramatic Presentation (Long Form) and Dramatic Presentation (Short Form) categories, which divided the category depending on whether the work was longer or shorter than 90 minutes. In the 1964 and 1966 awards there were insufficient nominations made to support the category. Prior to 1971, the category was defined as including works from "radio, television, stage or screen", and thereafter was expanded to "any medium of dramatized science fiction or fantasy", resulting in the nomination of recorded songs and other works. In addition to the regular Hugo awards, between 1996 and 2025, Retrospective Hugo Awards or "Retro-Hugos" were available for works published 50, 75, or 100 years prior. Retro-Hugos could only be awarded for years after 1939 in which no awards were originally given. Retro-Hugo awards were awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943–1946, 1951, and 1954; the 1946 and 1951 awards were for the Best Dramatic Presentation category while the 1939, 1945, and 1954 awards were for the Short Form category. There were insufficient nominations to support an award in the Long Form category for those years. The 1941 and 1944 awards were for both Long and Short Form. Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual
World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon) and the presentation evening constitutes its central event. The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as
instant-runoff voting with six finalists, except in the case of a tie. The works on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated. The 1958 awards did not include any recognition of runner-up magazines, but since 1959 all six candidates were recorded. Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six finalists is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held. Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations, and no more than two works per series allowed on the final ballot. Worldcons are generally held near the start of September, and are held in a different city around the world each year. Members are permitted to vote "no award", if they feel that none of the finalists is deserving of the award that year, and in the case that "no award" takes the majority the Hugo is not given in that category. This has happened in the Dramatic Presentation category four times, in 1959, 1963, 1971, and 1977. The award is typically for television and film presentations, but occasionally rewards works in other formats: in 1970 it was awarded to news coverage of the
Apollo 11 Moon landing, while in 1971 a
concept album and a comedy album were finalists. Another comedy album was a finalist the following year, and a slideshow was a finalist in 1976. A
radio play was a finalist in 1979, and all of the 1939 Retro Hugo awards were for radio plays. In 2004, an acceptance speech from the
2003 MTV Movie Awards won the award, while in 2006, a skit from the opening of the previous year's award ceremony (pretending to be for the "
Victor Hugo Award") was a finalist. An
audiobook was a finalist in 2009, another acceptance speech was a finalist in 2012, a concept album was a finalist in 2017, and a song was a finalist in 2018. During the 76 nomination years, 43 awards for Best Dramatic Presentation, 25 awards each for Short Form and Long Form, and 11 Retro-Hugo awards have been given. The individual franchises with the most awards are
Doctor Who/
Whoniverse with 6 Short Form awards out of 40 final ballot nominations;
Star Trek with 4 Best Dramatic Presentation awards out of 21 nominations, as well as one Short Form award out of 9 nominations, and a Long Form nomination;
Star Wars with 3 Best Dramatic Presentation awards out of 3 nominations as well as 5 Long Form and 5 Short Form nominations. Other shows or series with multiple awards or nominations include
The Good Place with 4 wins out of 6 Short Form nominations,
The Twilight Zone with 3 Best Dramatic Presentation awards out of 4 nominations,
Game of Thrones with 3 wins out of a Long Form and 5 Short Form nominations,
The Expanse with 3 wins out of 6 Short Form nominations, and
Babylon 5 with 2 wins out of 4 nominations, the
Marvel Cinematic Universe with 1 win out of 15 Long Form and 4 Short Form nominations,
Buffy the Vampire Slayer with 1 out of 6,
Battlestar Galactica (2004) with 1 of 5, and
Harry Potter with no awards after 7 nominations. The members of the
hip hop group
Clipping are the only musical artists to have earned two nominations for their works, first for their 2016 album
Splendor & Misery and then for their 2017 song "The Deep". == Winners and finalists ==