Hungarian Parliament Building

Budapest was united from three cities in 1873, namely Buda, Óbuda, and Pest. Seven years later, the Diet resolved to establish a new, representative parliament building, expressing the sovereignty of the nation. The building was planned to face the Danube River. An international competition was held, and Imre Steindl emerged as the victor; the plans of two other competitors were later also realized in the form of the Ethnographic Museum and the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture, both facing the Parliament Building. One reason that Steindl's proposal was chosen is that his neo-Gothic plans bore a strong resemblance with the Palace of Westminster in London. Leading Hungarian politicians of the 19th century found it extremely important that the country's new parliament building should symbolise their commitment to Western Europe, especially Britain, the country Hungarian reformers considered a political role model. Construction from the winning plan was started in 1885, and the building was inaugurated on the presumed 1,000th anniversary of the country in 1896. With the keys to the building being handed over in 1902, it was however not fully completed until 1904, after which 40 million bricks, half a million precious stones and of gold were used. The architect of the building first went blind and later died before the building's completion. Since World War II, the legislature has been unicameral, and today the government uses only a small portion of the building, with the other wing occasionally serving to house events. During the People's Republic of Hungary, a red star perched on the top of the dome, but it was removed in 1990 after the fall of communism. Mátyás Szűrös declared the Hungarian Republic from the balcony facing Kossuth Lajos Square on 23 October 1989. ==Features==

The Parliament Building is built in the Gothic Revival style; it has a symmetrical façade and a central dome. The dome is Renaissance Revival architecture. The parliament is also largely symmetrical from the inside, with two identical parliament halls on the opposing sides of the building. One of the two halls is still in use today for sessions of the Hungarian National Assembly, the other for ceremonies, conferences, and guided tours. It is long and wide, making it the largest building in the country since its construction. Its interior includes 10 courtyards, 13 passenger and freight elevators, 27 gates, 29 staircases and 691 rooms (which includes more than 200 offices). Its height of is an allusion to the purported nation's millennium in 1896, with the establishment of the Principality of Hungary in 896 following the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. It was one of the two tallest buildings in Budapest, along with Saint Stephen's Basilica, until the MOL Campus topped out in 2021. The main façade overlooks the Danube, but the official main entrance is from the square on the east side of the building. Inside and outside, there are altogether 242 sculptures on the walls. The façade displays statues of Hungarian rulers, Transylvanian leaders, and famous military figures. The coats of arms of kings and dukes are depicted over the windows. The eastern staircase is flanked by two lions. When entering the Parliament Building, visitors can walk up great ornamental stairs, see frescoes on the ceiling, and pass by the bust of the architect Imre Steindl in a wall niche. Other statues include those of Árpád, Stephen I and John Hunyadi. The building features stained glass and glass mosaics by Miksa Róth. One of the most famous parts of the building is the hexadecagonal (sixteen-sided) central hall, with huge chambers adjoining it: the Lower House and the Upper House. The modern National Assembly is unicameral and meets in the Lower House, while the Upper House is used as a conference and meeting room. The Holy Crown of Hungary, which is also depicted in Hungary's coat of arms, has been displayed in the central hall since 2000. Due to its extensive surface and detailed handiwork, the building is almost always under renovation. ==Accessibility and neighbourhood==

The Parliament is accessible via Line 2 of the Budapest Metro and line 2 of the Budapest tram system, from the Kossuth Lajos Square station. At the east front of the building is a memorial to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, as well as the imposing Kossuth Memorial and the equestrian statue of Francis II Rákóczi. A seated statue of Attila József as described in his poem By the Danube occupies a site on the south lawn. Martyrs' Square (Vértanúk tere) is immediately adjacent to Kossuth Square, with a statue of Imre Nagy. ==Postage stamps==

The building is featured on more than 50 postage stamps issued by Hungary during 1917–1921, including ones issued in 1917, 1919, 1920, and 1921. ==Gallery==

Exterior File:Exterior view - daytime.jpg|Exterior view in daytime, from a Danube River cruise File:Hungarian Parliament Building by AKW.jpg|Exterior view, from Kossuth Square File:Hungarian Parliament Building (Night) by AKW.jpg|Exterior view at night from the banks of the Danube File:Hungarian Parlament.jpg|View of the rear façade File:East façade of the Hungarian Parliament Building (Országház) at night.jpg|East façade at night File:Zgrada mađarskog parlamenta.JPG|Rear entrance doors File:Hungary-02382 - Statue of Andrassy Gyla (31801365733).jpg|Statue of Gyula Andrássy near the south side of the building File:Danubian structure.jpg|Parliament on a bright night Interior File:Hungarian Parliament Building - Council Hall (27368050660).jpg|Assembly hall of the National Assembly of Hungary File:Hungarian Parliament Building 2015 13.JPG|Main staircase File:Budapest parlament interior 9.jpg|Interior of one of the rooms in the building File:Roof in the Hungarian Parliament (5985719082).jpg|Inside view of the dome File:Crown, Sword and Globus Cruciger of Hungary2.jpg|Holy Crown of Hungary in the central hall Olvasoterem ogyk.jpg|Legislative library File:Парламент в разрезе.jpg|Model inside the building ==References==