Australia In 2020, the Australian government fast-tracked approval for the world's largest planned renewable energy export facility in the
Pilbara region. In 2021, energy companies announced plans to construct a "hydrogen valley" in
New South Wales at a cost of $2 billion to replace the region's coal industry. This has been cancelled. As of July 2022, the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) had invested $88 million in 35 hydrogen projects ranging from university research and development to first-of-a-kind demonstrations. By 2022, ARENA was expected to finalize two or three of Australia's first large-scale electrolyser deployments as part of its $100 million hydrogen deployment round. In 2024
Andrew Forrest delayed or cancelled plans to manufacture 15 million tonnes of green hydrogen per year by 2030. The following projects have been cancelled or "Put on hold" Port Pirie, Whyalla, Gladstone and Hunter. As of April 2025 there is only 1 active plant remaining under construction, all other large green hydrogen projects have been abandoned. The remaining project, ABEL, seems to have pivoted to green methanol, not hydrogen.
Brazil Brazil's energy matrix is considered one of the cleanest in the world. Experts highlight the country's potential for producing green hydrogen. Research carried out in the country indicates that biomass (such as starches and waste from sewage treatment plants) can be processed and converted into green hydrogen (see: Bioenergy,
Biohydrogen and Biological hydrogen production). The Australian company
Fortescue Metals Group has plans to install a green hydrogen plant near the port of Pecém, in Ceará, with an initial forecast of starting operations in 2022. As of Q1 2025 this has not happened. In 2022, the Federal University of Santa Catarina announced a partnership with the German Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, for the production of H2V. Unigel has plans to build a green hydrogen/green ammonia plant in Camaçari, Bahia, which is scheduled to come into operation in 2023. This has not happened as of Q1 2025. Initiatives in this area are also ongoing in the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo. Research work by the
University of Campinas and the Technical University of Munich has determined the space required for wind and solar parks for large-scale hydrogen production. According to this, significantly less land will be required to produce green hydrogen from wind and photovoltaic energy than is currently required to grow fuel from sugarcane. In this study, author Herzog assumed an electricity requirement for the electrolysers of 120 gigawatts (GW). On 20 November 2023, Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, announced support for the production of 10 GW of hydrogen and subsequently ammonia in the state of Piauí. Ammonia will be exported from there.
Canada World Energy GH2's Project Nujio'qonik aims to be Canada's first commercial green hydrogen / ammonia producer created from three gigawatts of wind energy on the west coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Nujio'qonik is the Mi'kmaw name for Bay St. George, where the project is proposed. Since June 2022, the project has been undergoing environmental assessment according to regulatory guidelines issued by the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. In late 2024 10 projects on the east coast had failed to raise funding, and Prince George on the west coast has been cancelled.
Chile Chile's goal to use only clean energy by the year 2050 includes the use of green hydrogen. The EU Latin America and Caribbean Investment Facility provided a €16.5 million grant and the
EIB and
KfW are in the process of providing up to €100 million each to finance green hydrogen projects.
China In 2022
China was the leader of the global hydrogen market with an output of 33 million tons (a third of global production), of which more than 99% is made from fossil fuel, releasing CO2. As of 2021, several companies have formed alliances to increase production of the fuel fifty-fold in the next six years In 2021
Sinopec aimed to generate 500,000 tonnes of green hydrogen by 2025. This has since been downgraded to 120,000 tonnes. Hydrogen generated from wind energy could provide a cost-effective alternative for coal-dependent regions like
Inner Mongolia. As part of preparations for the
2022 Winter Olympics a hydrogen electrolyser, described as the "world's largest" began operations to fuel vehicles used at the games. The electrolyser was powered by onshore wind.
Egypt Egypt has opened the door to $40 billion of investment in green hydrogen and renewable technology by signing seven memoranda of understanding with international developers in the fields. The projects located in the
Suez canal economic zone will see an investment of around $12 billion at an initial pilot phase, followed by a further $29 billion, according to the country's Planning Minister,
Hala Helmy el-Said.
Germany Germany invested €9 billion to construct 5 GW of
electrolyzer capacity by 2030.
India Reliance Industries announced its plan to use about 3 gigawatts (GW) of solar energy to generate 400,000 tonnes of hydrogen.
Gautam Adani, founder of the
Adani Group announced plans to invest $70 billion to become the world's largest renewable energy company, and produce the cheapest hydrogen across the globe. The power ministry of India has stated that India intends to produce a cumulative 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen by 2030. In April 2022, the public sector Oil India Limited (OIL), which is headquartered in eastern Assam's Duliajan, set up India's first 99.99% pure green hydrogen pilot plant in keeping with the goal of "making the country ready for the pilot-scale production of hydrogen and its use in various applications" while "research and development efforts are ongoing for a reduction in the cost of production, storage and the transportation" of hydrogen. In January 2024, subsidies for facilities to produce nearly 412,000 metric tons/year in green hydrogen were awarded. Subsidies for clean hydrogen production are much higher in the US and EU than in India. The discovered price of green hydrogen in India is US$3.9 (INR 328) per kg as of July 2025.
Japan In 2023, Japan announced plans to spend US$21 billion on subsidies for delivered clean hydrogen over a 15-year period.
Mauritania Mauritania launched two major projects on green hydrogen. The NOUR Project would become one of the world's largest hydrogen projects with 10 GW of capacity by 2030 in cooperation with Chariot company. The second is the AMAN Project, which includes 12GW of wind capacity and 18GW of solar capacity to produce 1.7 million tons per annum of green hydrogen or 10 million tons per annum of green ammonia for local use and export, in cooperation with Australian company
CWP Renewables.
Namibia Namibia has commissioned a green hydrogen production project with German support. The 10 billion dollar project involves the construction of wind farms and photovoltaic plants with a total capacity of 7 (GW) to produce. It aims to produce 2 million tonnes of green ammonia and hydrogen derivatives by 2030 and will create 15,000 jobs of which 3,000 will be permanent.
Oman An association of companies announced a $30 billion project in
Oman, which would become one of the world's largest
hydrogen facilities. Construction was to begin in 2028. By 2038 the project was to be powered by 25 of wind and solar energy.
Portugal In April 2021,
Portugal announced plans to construct the first solar-powered plant to produce hydrogen by 2023. Lisbon based energy company
Galp Energia announced plans to construct an electrolyser to power its refinery by 2025.
Saudi Arabia In 2021, Saudi Arabia, as a part of the
NEOM project, announced an investment of $5bn to build a green hydrogen-based ammonia plant, which would start production in 2025.
Singapore Singapore started the construction of a 600 MW hydrogen-ready powerplant that is expected to be ready by the first half of 2026.
Spain In February 2021, thirty companies announced a pioneering project to provide hydrogen bases in
Spain. The project intended to supply 93 of solar and 67 GW of electrolysis capacity by the end of the decade.
Sweden In February 2021, the Swedish company H2 Green Steel (rebranded as Stegra in 2024) announced plans to build a large green hydrogen-based steel plant in
Boden, northern
Sweden. The project includes a 740 MW electrolyser consisting of 37
alkaline modules of 20 MW each, supplied by thyssenkrupp nucera, making it one of the largest electrolysis installations in Europe. Construction began in 2022, with the first steel structures erected in late 2023.
Tunisia In Tunisia, the population is concerned about the green hydrogen plant project in the Gabès region — intended for the European market — for two main reasons: the high water consumption it entails (in a region already experiencing water stress) and the degradation of the landscape.
United Arab Emirates In 2021, in collaboration with Expo 2020 Dubai, a pilot project was launched which is the first "industrial scale", solar-driven green hydrogen facility in the Middle East and North Africa."
United Kingdom In August 2017, EMEC, based in Orkney, Scotland, produced hydrogen gas using electricity generated from tidal energy in Orkney. This was the first time that hydrogen had been created from tidal energy anywhere in the world. In March 2021, a proposal emerged to use offshore wind in
Scotland to power converted oil and gas rigs into a "green hydrogen hub" which would supply fuel to local distilleries. In June 2021,
Equinor announced plans to triple UK hydrogen production. In March 2022
National Grid announced a project to introduce green hydrogen into the grid with a 200 m wind turbine powering an electrolyser to produce gas for about 300 homes. In December 2023, the UK government announced a £2 billion fund would be set up to back 11 separate projects. The then Energy Secretary,
Claire Coutinho, announced the funding would be invested over a 15-year period. The first allocation round would be known as HAR1.
Vattenfall planned to generate green hydrogen from a test
offshore wind turbine near
Aberdeen in 2025.
United States The federal
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which became law in November 2021, allocated $9.5 billion to green hydrogen initiatives. In 2021, the
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) was planning the first demonstration of a hydrogen network in
Texas. The department had previously attempted a hydrogen project known as
Hydrogen Energy California, which was terminated in 2016. Texas is considered a key part of green hydrogen projects in the country as the state is the largest domestic producer of hydrogen and has a hydrogen pipeline network. In 2020, SGH2 Energy Global announced plans to use plastic and paper via
plasma gasification to produce green hydrogen near
Los Angeles. In 2021 then New York governor
Andrew Cuomo announced a $290 million investment to construct a green hydrogen fuel production facility. This was cancelled in October 2024. State authorities backed plans for developing fuel cells to be used in trucks and research on blending hydrogen into the gas grid. In March 2022 the governors of
Arkansas,
Louisiana, and
Oklahoma announced the creation of a hydrogen energy hub between the states.
Woodside announced plans for a green hydrogen production site in
Ardmore, Oklahoma. Further necessary investment in this facility is being reconsidered by its main investor as of Q1 2025. As of June 2025 this investment is 'on hold' The
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 established a 10-year production tax credit, which includes a $3.00/kg subsidy for green hydrogen.
Uruguay In less than a decade,
Uruguay has become one of the world's leading countries in renewable energy generation, achieving more than 98% of its electricity from renewable sources. However, Uruguay still has opportunities for improvement on the demand side of energy use: fossil fuels account for about 40 % of the country's total energy consumption, with the transport and industrial sectors being the main contributors. To achieve a model of economic growth aligned with greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, the Uruguayan government has introduced a series of measures aimed at further decarbonizing the economy. Among these,
electromobility and green hydrogen stand out as key strategies to reduce dependence on oil in these sectors Given that green hydrogen is one of the main alternatives to decarbonize industry and transport, its global demand is expected to increase rapidly in the coming years. In Uruguay, hydrogen represents an excellent opportunity for several reasons. First, the country has an abundance of renewable energy resources, such as hydropower, wind, solar, and biomass; the latter producing significant quantities of biogenic CO2 useful for the production of synthetic fuels. Second, Uruguay has demonstrated a high capacity for adaptation during its first energy transition, as well as strong political stability, both of which are essential to attract investment. Finally, the country possesses a well-developed logistics infrastructure for energy production and export. As a result, the Uruguayan government has been developing a detailed Green Hydrogen Roadmap, with the goal of positioning Uruguay as a leading producer and exporter of green hydrogen, as well as green fuels and ammonia." According to a study by the
Inter-American Development Bank, Uruguay could produce green hydrogen at a competitive cost of USD 1.2–1.5 per kg H2 by 2030. The same study projects annual demand could reach 1.3 million tonnes, driven mainly by the production of
Jet fuel,
Methanol, and hydrogen for both domestic use and export. Meeting this demand would require the installation of approximately 10 GW of electrolyzers and 20 GW of new renewable capacity, representing an estimated investment of USD 19 billion and the creation of more than 34,000 jobs across the value chain.
HIF global HIF Global is a Chilean company that plans to invest approximately USD 6 billion in the production of green hydrogen in
Paysandú, Uruguay, marking one of the largest private investments in the country's history. The project aims to produce roughly 180,000 tons of synthetic fuels per year, using around 710,000 tons of CO2 captured from existing biomass production, and it will install about 2 GW of renewable photovoltaic and wind capacity and 1 GW of electrolyzers, enabling decarbonisation equivalent to approximately 150,000 vehicles per year. The water will be extracted from the
Uruguay River at a rate of approximately 450 L/s, representing about 0.01 % of the river's total flow. Electricity will be generated at the Lucía Solar Park and Elena Wind Park, as illustrated in Figure 3. The biogenic CO2 will be captured from ALUR, the state-owned company focused on producing biofuels and alcohol. The project has been divided into two phases. Phase 1, scheduled to begin in 2026, aims to construct the electrolyzer facilities along with the required infrastructure for green hydrogen storage and distribution. Phase 2 will focus on building the production plant for e-fuels, and is expected to be completed in 2029. The total investment is estimated at USD 6 billion, divided into USD 4 billion for the hydrogen and e-fuels production plant and USD 2 billion for the renewable energy park. During the construction phase, the project is expected to employ approximately 3,200 workers across various stages, while around 600 permanent jobs will be created once operations begin.
Tambor green hydrogen hub Enertrag is planning to construct a hydrogen hub in
Tacuarembó, Uruguay. The project aims to develop a solar photovoltaic plant and wind turbines that will supply electricity to electrolyzers for the production of green hydrogen and its derivatives. With an installed renewable capacity of 350 MW, the facility is expected to produce approximately 16,200 tonnes of green hydrogen per year, all of which will be converted into e-methanol. The project is funded by the H2Global program of the German government, which seeks to accelerate the ramp-up of green hydrogen production in regions such as Latin America and enable Germany to import this renewable energy carrier. One of the main drivers behind this initiative is the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, particularly in light of the energy crisis triggered by the war in Ukraine. Through this project, the German government expects to cover about 10% of the methanol currently produced in its largest refinery.
Kahiros The Kahirós Project will be the first green hydrogen plant in Uruguay. It will be located in
Fray Bentos and is expected to begin operations in 2026, serving as the country's first pilot facility. The project will include a 4.8 MWp photovoltaic solar farm and a 2 MW PEM electrolyzer, capable of producing approximately 77,000 kg of green hydrogen per year. The initiative aims to contribute to the decarbonization of heavy transport. The hydrogen produced will be supplied to Montes del Plata, a pulp-mill company, to power six hydrogen fuel-cell trucks, each with a range of 700 km and a refueling time of 12 minutes. The facility will consume around 4,200 L of water per day and is expected to achieve a CO2 abatement of 870 tonnes per year. In terms of technology, the solar farm will use
bifacial solar cells, which provide higher energy conversion efficiency. The 2 MW electrolyzer is designed to produce up to 46 kg of hydrogen per hour at a working pressure of 30 bar. The hydrogen will then be compressed to 700 bar for vehicle refueling. The trucks used in this pilot project will be Hyundai hydrogen fuel-cell models.
Pilot H24U Like the Kahirós Project, the H24U pilot is a three-year green hydrogen initiative that aims to decarbonize heavy cargo transportation in Uruguay, a sector that currently accounts for 28% of the country's total energy demand. The pilot is a multi-company initiative funded by the Green Hydrogen Sectorial Fund of the
Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining (Uruguay). The plan is to incorporate 17 retrofitted fuel-cell trucks for the forestry sector. Hydrogen production will be carried out by a 5 MW electrolyzer plant located in
Durazno, Uruguay, powered by a 10 MW solar farm. In addition, the project aims to evaluate the feasibility of injecting hydrogen (H2) into existing methane (CH4) pipelines, with the goal of reducing the carbon footprint of natural gas distribution.
Public-private projects In October 2023,
Siemens announced that it had successfully performed the first test of an industrial turbine powered by 100 per cent green hydrogen generated by a 1 megawatt
electrolyser. The turbine also operates on gas and any mixture of gas and hydrogen. == Government support ==