Approximately 27 countries use ICD-10 for reimbursement and resource allocation in their health system, and some have made modifications to ICD to better accommodate its utility. The unchanged international version of ICD-10 is used in 117 countries for performing cause of death reporting and statistics. or the addition of
procedure codes.
Australia Introduced in 1998, ICD-10 Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) was developed by the National Centre for Classification in Health at the
University of Sydney. It is currently maintained by the Australian Consortium for Classification Development. ICD-10-AM has also been adopted by
New Zealand,
Ireland,
Saudi Arabia and several other countries.
Brazil Brazil introduced ICD-10 in 1996. The provisional translation of the ICD-10 for Brazilian Portuguese was started around 1986. Brazil was designated the Field Trial Coordinating Centre for field testing of the list's Chapter V, and the translation was then updated and modified by several contributors across the country. One of the final versions was proofread by J. Leme Lopes, and the final translation was created directly from the English-language version in 1992.
Canada Canada began using ICD-10 for mortality reporting in 2000. A six-year, phased implementation of ICD-10-CA for morbidity reporting began in 2001. It was staggered across Canada's ten provinces, with
Quebec the last to make the switch.
Czech Republic The
Czech Republic adopted ICD-10 in 1994, one year after its official release by WHO. Revisions to the international edition are adopted continuously. The official Czech translation of ICD-10 2016 10th Revision was published in 2018.
Estonia Estonia adopted ICD-10 from January 1, 1997, via a ministerial degree. However, chapter V "Mental and behavioural disorders" had already been in use from January 1, 1994, also via a ministerial degree.
France France introduced a clinical addendum to ICD-10 in 1997. See also website of the ATIH.
Germany Germany's ICD-10 German Modification (ICD-10-GM) is based on ICD-10-AM.
Hungary Hungary introduced the use of ICD-10 from January 1, 1996, via a ministerial decree.
Korea A Korean modification has existed since 2008.
Netherlands The Dutch translation of ICD-10 is ICD10-nl, which was created by the WHO-FIC Network in 1994. There is an online dictionary.
Russia The
Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation ordered in 1997 to transfer all health organizations to ICD-10.
South Africa ICD-10 was implemented in July 2005 under the auspice of the National ICD-10 Implementation Task Team which is a joint task team between the National Department of Health and the Council for Medical Schemes.
Sweden The current Swedish translation of ICD-10 was created in 1997.
Thailand The ICD-10-TM (Thai Modification) is a
Thai language version based on the 2016 ICD-10. An unusual feature of the index of ICD-10-TM is that it is bilingual, containing both Thai and English trails.
United Kingdom ICD-10 was first mandated for use in the UK in 1995. In 2010 the UK Government made a commitment to update the UK version of ICD-10 every three years. On April 1, 2016, following a year's delay, replaced the 4th Edition as the mandated diagnostic classification within the UK, and remains the current version for use within the UK.
United States For disease reporting, the US utilizes its own national variant of ICD-10 called the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). A
procedural classification called
ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) has also been developed for capturing inpatient procedures. There are over 70,000 ICD-10-PCS procedure codes and over 69,000 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, compared to about 3,800 procedure codes and roughly 14,000 diagnosis codes found in the previous ICD-9-CM. The
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) weighed these concerns against the benefits of having more accurate data collection, clearer documentation of diagnoses and procedures, and more accurate claims processing. a year later than the previous 2014 deadline. Before the 2014 deadline, the previous deadline had been a year before that on October 1, 2013. All
HIPAA "covered entities" were required to make the change; a pre-requisite to ICD-10-CM is the adoption of
EDI Version 5010 by January 1, 2012. Enforcement of 5010 transition by the
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), however, was postponed by CMS until March 31, 2012, with the federal agency citing numerous factors, including slow software upgrades. The implementation of ICD-10-CM has been subject to previous delays. In January 2009, the date was pushed back to October 1, 2013, rather than an earlier proposal of October 1, 2011. Two common complaints in the United States about the ICD-10-CM are 1) the long list of potentially relevant codes for a given condition (such as
rheumatoid arthritis) which can be confusing and reduce efficiency and 2) the assigned codes for seldom seen conditions (e.g. W55.22XA: Struck by cow, initial encounter; and V91.07XA: Burn due to water-skis on fire, initial encounter). == Criticism ==