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Indonesian Americans

Indonesian Americans are migrants from the multiethnic country of Indonesia to the United States, and their U.S.-born descendants. In both the 2000 and 2010 United States census, they were the 15th largest group of Asian Americans recorded in the United States as well as one of the fastest growing.

History
Overview The earliest Indonesian immigrants to the United States were Dutch Indonesian or "Indos" who settled in Southern California in the 1950s as refugees following the Indonesian National Revolution against Dutch colonists. Due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis, between 1980 and 1990, the number of Indonesians in the United States tripled, reaching 30,085. A large proportion live in Southern California: 29,710 respondents to the 2000 census who listed "Indonesian" as one of their ethnicities lived there. Chinese Indonesian asylum seekers Active lobbying of politicians by Chinese American groups contributed to an unusually high number of successful Chinese Indonesian applicants for political asylum to the United States in 1998 as an impact of the May 1998 riots in Indonesia. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, 7,359 applicants were granted asylee status and 5,848 were denied in the decade up to 2007. In recent years, however, it has become increasingly difficult for applicants to prove to immigration officials that they would face targeted violence if returned to Indonesia. In 2004, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled in Sael v. Ashcroft that a Chinese Indonesian couple was eligible for political asylum after citing the existence of anti-Chinese violence and of laws that prohibit Chinese schools and institutions. The same court in the following year granted Marjorie Lolong eligibility for asylum after finding that she is "a member of [women and Christian] sub-groups that are at a substantially greater risk of persecution than the [ethnic Chinese] group as a whole." However, the court reversed its findings through an en banc decision and stated that it understood the Board of Immigration Appeals' (BIA) "decision to preclude a general grant of asylum to Indonesian Chinese Christians." The dissenting opinion criticized the BIA's rejection of testimony regarding the Indonesian government's inability to control persecution despite its intentions. ==Demography==
Demography
According to estimates from the American Community Survey for 2015–2019, the total population of Indonesian immigrants in the U.S. was 96,200. Of that number, the top 15 counties of residence were (total estimated for 2019–2023 from the same source was 98,600, updates for that period are in parentheses): 1) Los Angeles County, California – 13,800 (11,800) 2) San Bernardino County, California – 4,800 (4,700) 3) Orange County, California – 4,600 (4,300) 4) Queens County, New York – 2,700 (3,700) 5) Alameda County, California – 2,700 (2,300 - now #8) 6) Santa Clara County, California – 2,500 (2,600 - now #5) 7) Harris County, Texas – 2,500 (1,900 - now #9) 8) Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania – 2,000 (1,800 - now #10) 9) King County, Washington – 1,900 (2,400 - now #7) 10) San Diego County, California – 1,800 (2,500 - now #6) 11)* Riverside County, California – 1,600 (1,300 - now #14) 12) Contra Costa County, California – 1,400 (1,300 - now #15) 13) Snohomish County, Washington – 1,300 (1,300) 14) San Francisco County, California – 1,300 (1,100 - now #18) 15) Maricopa County, Arizona – 1,300 (1,400 - now #12) • * (Montgomery County, Maryland is now #11 with 1,600) (Clark County, Nevada is now #16 with 1,300; #17 - #19, all with 1,100 are San Mateo County, California, the previously covered San Francisco County, California and Sacramento County, California; Fairfax County, Virginia is now #20 with 1,000) Ethnicity Indonesian Americans are members of various ethnic subcategories such as Minangkabau, Minahasans, Javanese, Batak, Balinese or Tionghoa. However, the majority of Indonesians who came in the 1960s were of Chinese descent. Unofficial estimates suggest that as many as 60% of the Indonesians in Southern California are of Chinese descent. Interracial marriage is not uncommon, especially among the young, though the elderly often prefer that their children marry other Indonesian or Chinese. Many second-generation Indonesian Americans still feel a connection to their Indonesian identity through their ancestry despite often not having a complete grasp on the Indonesian language. Religion {{Pie chart Indonesian Americans belong to many faiths including Protestantism, Catholicism, Sunni Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism, although the first three are the most common. The first Indonesian church in the U.S. was a Seventh-day Adventist Church established in Glendale, California in 1972 with a predominantly Indo congregation (now located in Azusa, CA); however, as more pribumi migrants joined the church, racial tensions arose, and the Indos withdrew to other churches. The second Indonesian church to be founded in the U.S. was a Baptist church, started by an ethnic Chinese pastor and with a predominantly ethnic Chinese congregation. By 1988, there were 14 Indonesian Protestant congregations; ten years later, that number had grown to 41, with two Indonesian Catholic congregations as well. Catholicism is most present within Indonesian American communities in states like California, Georgia, New Jersey, or Pennsylvania where mass is offered weekly or monthly in the Indonesian language. The first Indonesian Mosque in the U.S. was the Al-Hikmah Mosque founded in Astoria, New York, which is currently headed by Shamsi Ali. In 2017, the Indonesian Muslim community in Los Angeles purchased a former church at 1200 Kenmore Avenue and converted it into At-Thohir Mosque. There is also an Indonesian mosque in Silver Spring, Maryland named the IMAAM Center. This mosque is very active today through its regular services and community outreach, as it is an important hub for Indonesian Muslim life in America. Restaurants owned by Indonesian Americans are sites for cultural unity over shared meals and traditions. ==Media==
Media
Indonesians have founded a number of publications in California. The earliest was the Indonesian Journal, founded in 1988, and published primarily in the Indonesian language. ==Notable people==
Notable people
Arts and entertainmentDevi Dja, actress, dancer, and singer • Joey Alexander, pianist • Lulu Antariksa, actress and singer • Carmit Bachar, member of The Pussycat Dolls, singer, dancer, and actress • Raja Gemini, drag performer • Michelle Branch, Grammy-winning singer-songwriter • Mark-Paul Gosselaar, actor, mother is Dutch-Indonesian • Cynthia Gouw, actress, TV news anchor and host who was named Miss Chinatown USA 1984 • Tania Gunadi, Indonesian-born Hollywood actress • Steven Ho, martial artist and actor • Coco Lee, international artist, Hong Kong-based singer-songwriter, actress, (father was an ethnic Chinese from Indonesia while mother was from Hong Kong, China) • Rory Leidelmeyer, bodybuilder and stuntmanLukita Maxwell, actress • Innosanto Nagara, author, illustrator • Irma Pane, pop singer • Eddie Van Halen, member of rock group Van Halen, mother was Dutch-Indonesian • Wolfgang Van Halen, member of rock group Van Halen, son of Eddie • Armand van Helden, American DJ, record producer, remixer and songwriter • Stephanie Poetri, singer-songwriter • Dallas Liu, actor • Warren Hue, rapper • Samantha Win, actress, martial artist, stunt woman and wushu taolu athlete • Valerie Mahaffey, actress from Desperate Housewives Business and technologyHenk Rogers, founder of Bullet Proof software and The Tetris Company (half Dutch) • Julia S. Gouw, President of East West BancorpTheresia Gouw, Investor/Venture Capitalist • Leo Koguan, Chairman and co-founder, SHI InternationalSehat Sutardja, Co-Founder of Marvell Technology Group CriminalRudy Kurniawan, criminal and perpetrator of wine fraud. Literature and mediaLi-Young Lee, American poet; of ethnic Chinese origin, born in Indonesia • Patsy Widakuswara, journalist, Voice of America White House Bureau Chief • Rahadyan Sastrowardoyo, writer, editor, and photographer • Shamsi Ali, prominent Indonesian Muslim Scholar PoliticsMaya Soetoro-Ng, half-sister of former United States president Barack ObamaJoyce L. Kennard, former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of CaliforniaDas Williams, former California State Assemblyman ScienceWillem Jacob Luyten, astronomer SportsArki Dikania Wisnu, basketball player • Brandon Jawato, basketball player • Rudy Gunawan, world champion badminton player • Tony Gunawan, world champion, Olympic gold medalist, and badminton player • Halim Haryanto, All England, world champion badminton player • John Juanda, professional poker player • Chris Limahelu, American football player • Ryan Santoso, American football player • Kyle Winter, rugby union player • Gavin Kwan Adsit, footballer • Katarina Stalin, footballer • Adrian Wibowo, footballer ==See also==
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