Origins Secondary education for girls and a path to university education for women was extremely limited in
Tsarist Russia. One path of educational training for the daughters of the Russian
nobility were the Institutes for Noble Maidens
(Instituti blagorodnykh devits), cloistered private academies which housed primary and secondary students and offered basic scholastic and cultural training. The idea of the Institute for Noble Maidens dated to 1763, when
Ivan Betskoy to Empress
Catherine the Great a "Statute for the Education of the Youth of Both Sexes," which proposed the education of both sexes in state
boarding schools aimed at creating a "new race of men." Boarding schools were to be preferred to other institutions of education in accordance with
Rousseau's idea that "isolating the pupils enabled their tutors to protect them from the vices of society."
Regimen An important memoir touching upon life at these facilities was left by
populist leader
Vera Figner, who attended the
Rodionovsky Institute for Noble Girls in
Kazan from 1863 until 1869. Figner found the educational regimen at the Rodionovsky Institute to be largely unsatisfactory, with instruction in literature avoiding controversial modern themes and history likewise skewed towards the ancient period rather than more modern events. Scientific instruction was said to be particularly paltry, with the
zoology and
botany instructor said to have "...never showed us a skeleton, nor even a stuffed animal, and not a single plant. Never once did we look into a
microscope, and we had not the remotest idea what a cell was... On the other hand, for four years they tormented us over
penmanship. For seven years we had to study drawing, notwithstanding the fact that during all that time not one of us displayed the smallest sign of talent." No discussion of contentious contemporary events or
civics took place, according to Figner's testimony, with "not a word...spoken about
serfdom and the
emancipation of the serfs; or about land allotments and the redemption of the land." Time was carefully structured, and virtually no textbooks used according to Figner, with students compelled to copy and recopy handwritten notebooks. Outside reading was not encouraged, with the only library at the Rodionovsky Institute kept behind locked doors by a dean of the school and access to books by students very tightly restricted. Only six weeks a year were allowed for vacation time, according to Figner, during which the girls were allowed to return home — and even this limited respite was denied girls in the two years as they approached graduation to avoid the possibility of inculcation of alien ideas or cultural influences. As a result, Figner asserts, "at the time I left the Institute, my mind was entirely free from any social or political ideas whatsoever." ==List of Institutes for Noble Maidens==